2021 |
Sanchez-Carro, Y; Portella, MJ ; Leal-Leturia I, Salvat-Pujol N; Etxandi, M; de Arriba-Arnau, A; Urretavizcaya, M; Pousa, E; Toll, A; Álvarez, P; Soria, V; López-García, P Age at illness onset and physical activity are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with current diagnosis of major depressive disorder Artículo de revista Journal of affective disorders, 279 , pp. 343-352, 2021. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Sanchez-Carro2021, title = {Age at illness onset and physical activity are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with current diagnosis of major depressive disorder}, author = {Sanchez-Carro, Y and Portella, MJ and Leal-Leturia,I, Salvat-Pujol, N and Etxandi,M and de Arriba-Arnau, A and Urretavizcaya, M and Pousa, E and Toll, A and \'{A}lvarez, P and Soria, V and L\'{o}pez-Garc\'{i}a, P}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33099048/}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.032}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-15}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {279}, pages = {343-352}, abstract = {Background: Cognitive impairment has been reported in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This study aims to explore the association between lifestyle habits and health-related factors and the presence of cognitive symptoms in MDD patients. Methods: Demographic, clinical, health-related variables and cognitive scores measured with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were compared between 74 patients with current MDD and 68 healthy controls (HC). To test the hypothesis of associated factors to cognitive symptoms, multivariate backward stepwise linear regression models were run. Results: Significant neuropsychological deficits were evident in MDD compared with HC in the global cognitive index (F=8.29; df=1, 140; p=0.005). In the regression analysis performed on MDD and HC, years of schooling (β=-0.11; p=<0.001), job status (β=-0.50; p=0.016), physical activity (β=-0.25; p=0.04) and age at illness onset (β=0.17; p=0.017) were statistically significant factors associated to cognitive impairment. The regression model ran in HC showed that only years of schooling were significant (β=-0.07; p=<0.001) in this group. Limitations: Sample size was relatively small. Everyday cognitive skills were not evaluated. Conclusions: MDD patients have cognitive deficits. These deficits are linked with the years of education, job status, age of onset of the disease and the performance of physical activity. These results support the importance of the implementation of interventions targeting the cognitive reserve and lifestyle habits of MDD patients, in addition to the conventional therapeutic approach focused on symptoms control.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Cognitive impairment has been reported in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This study aims to explore the association between lifestyle habits and health-related factors and the presence of cognitive symptoms in MDD patients. Methods: Demographic, clinical, health-related variables and cognitive scores measured with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were compared between 74 patients with current MDD and 68 healthy controls (HC). To test the hypothesis of associated factors to cognitive symptoms, multivariate backward stepwise linear regression models were run. Results: Significant neuropsychological deficits were evident in MDD compared with HC in the global cognitive index (F=8.29; df=1, 140; p=0.005). In the regression analysis performed on MDD and HC, years of schooling (β=-0.11; p=<0.001), job status (β=-0.50; p=0.016), physical activity (β=-0.25; p=0.04) and age at illness onset (β=0.17; p=0.017) were statistically significant factors associated to cognitive impairment. The regression model ran in HC showed that only years of schooling were significant (β=-0.07; p=<0.001) in this group. Limitations: Sample size was relatively small. Everyday cognitive skills were not evaluated. Conclusions: MDD patients have cognitive deficits. These deficits are linked with the years of education, job status, age of onset of the disease and the performance of physical activity. These results support the importance of the implementation of interventions targeting the cognitive reserve and lifestyle habits of MDD patients, in addition to the conventional therapeutic approach focused on symptoms control. |
de la Torre-Luque, A; Lara, E; de la Fuente, J; Rico-Uribe, LA ; Caballero, FF ; Lopez-Garcia, P; Sanchez-Niubo, A; Bobak, M; Koskinen, S; Haro, JM ; Ayuso-Mateos, JL Metabolic dysregulation in older adults with depression and loneliness: The ATHLOS Study Artículo de revista Psychoneuroendocrinology, 123 , 2021. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{delaTorre-Luque2021, title = {Metabolic dysregulation in older adults with depression and loneliness: The ATHLOS Study}, author = {de la Torre-Luque, A and Lara, E and de la Fuente, J and Rico-Uribe, LA and Caballero, FF and Lopez-Garcia, P and Sanchez-Niubo, A and Bobak, M and Koskinen, S and Haro, JM and Ayuso-Mateos, JL}, editor = {Pergamon}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453020303413?via%3Dihub}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104918}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-01}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {123}, abstract = {This study aimed to examine how loneliness contributes to metabolic dysregulation among older adults with depression and determine the relative contribution of loneliness to the development of chronic diseases in late adulthood. Harmonised data from the Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project were used. Concretely, the sample comprised 6195 participants (53.95% women; M = 61.30 years, SD = 7.11) from three European cohorts. Three groups were considered: control group (CG); depressive symptom episode group (DEP); and a group with depression and loneliness (DEP + LONE). A metabolic score was estimated using anthropometric and blood indicators, by means of multi-indicator multi-causes (MIMIC) modelling and after controlling for sociodemographic and health-related covariates. Group-comparison was based on measurement-invariance procedures. Multimorbidity development was predicted at follow-up considering the study group and relevant covariates. All the analyses were sex-specific. As a result, measurement invariance revealed the influence of group (ΔCFI = −0.017 for male participants and ΔCFI = −0.009 for female ones) on metabolic scores in both sexes. Metabolic scores were significantly lower (i.e., they had more metabolic risk) in DEP + LONE women in comparison to women from the other groups. DEP men showed the lowest metabolic scores but those from the DEP + LONE group showed meaningfully lower scores than CG men (d = 1.35). In terms of multimorbidity prediction, DEP + LONE group membership significantly predicted the outcome in both sexes; DEP group membership significantly predicted multimorbidity at follow-up in women. In summary, these results highlight the relevant contribution of loneliness in depression-related metabolic dysregulation in the short- (concurrent metabolic risk) and long-term (chronic condition development). Moreover, sex-specific mechanisms seem to be involved in metabolic alterations of depressed people showing loneliness feelings. This study calls for action to reduce the impact of loneliness in old age and to promote healthy ageing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aimed to examine how loneliness contributes to metabolic dysregulation among older adults with depression and determine the relative contribution of loneliness to the development of chronic diseases in late adulthood. Harmonised data from the Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project were used. Concretely, the sample comprised 6195 participants (53.95% women; M = 61.30 years, SD = 7.11) from three European cohorts. Three groups were considered: control group (CG); depressive symptom episode group (DEP); and a group with depression and loneliness (DEP + LONE). A metabolic score was estimated using anthropometric and blood indicators, by means of multi-indicator multi-causes (MIMIC) modelling and after controlling for sociodemographic and health-related covariates. Group-comparison was based on measurement-invariance procedures. Multimorbidity development was predicted at follow-up considering the study group and relevant covariates. All the analyses were sex-specific. As a result, measurement invariance revealed the influence of group (ΔCFI = −0.017 for male participants and ΔCFI = −0.009 for female ones) on metabolic scores in both sexes. Metabolic scores were significantly lower (i.e., they had more metabolic risk) in DEP + LONE women in comparison to women from the other groups. DEP men showed the lowest metabolic scores but those from the DEP + LONE group showed meaningfully lower scores than CG men (d = 1.35). In terms of multimorbidity prediction, DEP + LONE group membership significantly predicted the outcome in both sexes; DEP group membership significantly predicted multimorbidity at follow-up in women. In summary, these results highlight the relevant contribution of loneliness in depression-related metabolic dysregulation in the short- (concurrent metabolic risk) and long-term (chronic condition development). Moreover, sex-specific mechanisms seem to be involved in metabolic alterations of depressed people showing loneliness feelings. This study calls for action to reduce the impact of loneliness in old age and to promote healthy ageing. |
2020 |
Jongs, N; Penninx, B; Arango, C; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Nicvan, I; Rossumk, IW ; MJ, Sarisd; Echteld, AV ; Koops, S; Bilderbeck, AC ; Raslescu, A; G.R, Dawson; Sommer, B; Marston, H; JA, Vorstman; Eijkemans, JC ; Kasa, MJ Effect of disease related biases on the subjective assessment of social functioning in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia patients. In press Artículo de revista Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{derJ.Kasa2020, title = {Effect of disease related biases on the subjective assessment of social functioning in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia patients. In press}, author = {Jongs, N and Penninx, B and Arango, C and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Nicvan,I and Rossumk, IW and Sarisd MJ and Echteld, AV and Koops, S and Bilderbeck, AC and Raslescu,A and Dawson G.R and Sommer, B and Marston, H and Vorstman JA and Eijkemans, JC and Kasa, MJ}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.013}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-09}, journal = {Journal of Psychiatric Research}, abstract = {Background Questionnaires are the current hallmark for quantifying social functioning in human clinical research. In this study, we compared self- and proxy-rated (caregiver and researcher) assessments of social functioning in Schizophrenia (SZ) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and evaluated if the discrepancy between the two assessments is mediated by disease-related factors such as symptom severity. Methods We selected five items from the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS) to assess social functioning in 53 AD and 61 SZ patients. Caregiver- and researcher-rated assessments of social functioning were used to calculate the discrepancies between self-rated and proxy-rated assessments. Furthermore, we used the number of communication events via smartphones to compare the questionnaire outcomes with an objective measure of social behaviour. Results WHODAS results revealed that both AD (p < 0.001) and SZ (p < 0.004) patients significantly overestimate their social functioning relative to the assessment of their caregivers and/or researchers. This overestimation is mediated by the severity of cognitive impairments (MMSE; p = 0.019) in AD, and negative symptoms (PANSS; p = 0.028) in SZ. Subsequently, we showed that the proxy scores correlated more strongly with the smartphone communication events of the patient when compared to the patient-rated questionnaire scores (self; p = 0.076, caregiver; p < 0.001, researcher-rated; p = 0.046). Conclusion Here we show that the observed overestimation of WHODAS social functioning scores in AD and SZ patients is partly driven by disease-related biases such as cognitive impairments and negative symptoms, respectively. Therefore, we postulate the development and implementation of objective measures of social functioning that may be less susceptible to such biases.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Questionnaires are the current hallmark for quantifying social functioning in human clinical research. In this study, we compared self- and proxy-rated (caregiver and researcher) assessments of social functioning in Schizophrenia (SZ) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and evaluated if the discrepancy between the two assessments is mediated by disease-related factors such as symptom severity. Methods We selected five items from the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS) to assess social functioning in 53 AD and 61 SZ patients. Caregiver- and researcher-rated assessments of social functioning were used to calculate the discrepancies between self-rated and proxy-rated assessments. Furthermore, we used the number of communication events via smartphones to compare the questionnaire outcomes with an objective measure of social behaviour. Results WHODAS results revealed that both AD (p < 0.001) and SZ (p < 0.004) patients significantly overestimate their social functioning relative to the assessment of their caregivers and/or researchers. This overestimation is mediated by the severity of cognitive impairments (MMSE; p = 0.019) in AD, and negative symptoms (PANSS; p = 0.028) in SZ. Subsequently, we showed that the proxy scores correlated more strongly with the smartphone communication events of the patient when compared to the patient-rated questionnaire scores (self; p = 0.076, caregiver; p < 0.001, researcher-rated; p = 0.046). Conclusion Here we show that the observed overestimation of WHODAS social functioning scores in AD and SZ patients is partly driven by disease-related biases such as cognitive impairments and negative symptoms, respectively. Therefore, we postulate the development and implementation of objective measures of social functioning that may be less susceptible to such biases. |
Izquierdo, A; Cabello, M; de la Torre-Luque, A; Ayesa-Arriola, R; Setien-suero, E; Mayoral-van-Son, J; Vazquez-Bourgon, J; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Crespo-Facorro, B; PAFIP, Group Study A network analysis approach to functioning problems in first psychotic episodes and their relationship with duration of untreated illness: findings from the PAFIP cohort. In press. Artículo de revista Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2020. BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Izquierdo2020, title = {A network analysis approach to functioning problems in first psychotic episodes and their relationship with duration of untreated illness: findings from the PAFIP cohort. In press.}, author = {Izquierdo, A and Cabello, M and de la Torre-Luque, A and Ayesa-Arriola, R and Setien-suero, E and Mayoral-van-Son, J and Vazquez-Bourgon, J and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Crespo-Facorro, B and Group Study PAFIP}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-01}, journal = {Journal of Psychiatric Research}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Cabello, M; Miret, M; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Caballero, FF ; Chatterji, S; Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B; Haro, JM ; Koskinen, S; Leonardi, M; Borges, G Cross-national prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and attempts in older and young-and-middle age people Artículo de revista Aging & mental health, 24 (9), pp. 1533-42, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Cabello2020b, title = {Cross-national prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and attempts in older and young-and-middle age people}, author = {Cabello, M and Miret, M and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Caballero, FF and Chatterji, S and Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B and Haro, JM and Koskinen, S and Leonardi, M and Borges, G}, editor = {Routledge}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2019.1603284}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1603284}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-01}, journal = {Aging & mental health}, volume = {24}, number = {9}, pages = {1533-42}, abstract = {Objectives: To report prevalence estimates of 12-month suicide ideation and attempts in young-and-middle age adults and older people, as well as their respective associated factors. Methods: A total of 52,150 community-dwelling adults who completed the adapted version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Depression Module were included from SAGE and COURAGE in Europe studies. The presence of 12-month suicide ideation and attempts was measured among the participants who screened positively in the Depression Module. Global and national prevalence estimates of 12-month suicide ideation and attempts were calculated according to the total sample. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to separately determine factors associated with suicidal ideation and with suicide attempts in young-and-middle age adults and older adults. Results: Higher estimates of 12-month suicidal ideation were found for high-income countries and people aged 65 years and older. Higher negative affect, higher disability, and presence of food insecurity were associated with 12-month suicidal ideation and suicide attempts for young-and-middle-adults and older adults. Higher isolation, being female, and greater number of chronic health conditions were also related to 12-month suicidal ideation in both age groups. Younger age was associated with 12-month suicidal ideation for older people, and with suicide attempts in the young-and-middle age group. Finally, higher income was related to lower rates of 12-month suicidal ideation for the young-and-middle age group. Conclusions: Older people are at increased risk of suicidal ideation globally and of suicide attempts in some countries. There were common and different factors related to suicide in adults and older adults.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objectives: To report prevalence estimates of 12-month suicide ideation and attempts in young-and-middle age adults and older people, as well as their respective associated factors. Methods: A total of 52,150 community-dwelling adults who completed the adapted version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Depression Module were included from SAGE and COURAGE in Europe studies. The presence of 12-month suicide ideation and attempts was measured among the participants who screened positively in the Depression Module. Global and national prevalence estimates of 12-month suicide ideation and attempts were calculated according to the total sample. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to separately determine factors associated with suicidal ideation and with suicide attempts in young-and-middle age adults and older adults. Results: Higher estimates of 12-month suicidal ideation were found for high-income countries and people aged 65 years and older. Higher negative affect, higher disability, and presence of food insecurity were associated with 12-month suicidal ideation and suicide attempts for young-and-middle-adults and older adults. Higher isolation, being female, and greater number of chronic health conditions were also related to 12-month suicidal ideation in both age groups. Younger age was associated with 12-month suicidal ideation for older people, and with suicide attempts in the young-and-middle age group. Finally, higher income was related to lower rates of 12-month suicidal ideation for the young-and-middle age group. Conclusions: Older people are at increased risk of suicidal ideation globally and of suicide attempts in some countries. There were common and different factors related to suicide in adults and older adults. |
Gayete, S; Giné, A; Miret, M; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Haro, JM ; Olaya, B Cognitive function associated with different diagnoses of anxiety disorders over the lifespan: Results from a Spanish representative sample Artículo de revista Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Gayete2020, title = {Cognitive function associated with different diagnoses of anxiety disorders over the lifespan: Results from a Spanish representative sample}, author = {Gayete, S and Gin\'{e}, A and Miret, M and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Haro, JM and Olaya,B}, editor = {Pergamon}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887618520301109}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102296}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-20}, journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders}, abstract = {Background Previous research suggests an association between anxiety disorders and worse cognitive function. However, this association may vary depending on the type of disorder and age. We analysed the association of panic attack, 12-month and lifetime panic disorder (PD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), with cognitive function in a representative sample of Spanish adults, and compared three age groups (18-49, 50-64, and 65+). Methods Some 4,582 participants were interviewed with an adapted CIDI interview. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were calculated by age group, using T scores of verbal fluency and episodic memory as the outcomes. Results In young adults, 12-month GAD was associated with significantly lower scores of memory performance and verbal fluency, and 12-month PD with worse verbal fluency. In middle-aged participants, lifetime panic attack was related to better performance in verbal fluency, whereas having a diagnosis of lifetime PD was associated with lower scores. However, only participants aged 18-49 with 12-month GAD showed lower memory and verbal fluency, at almost one standard deviation below participants without 12-month GAD. Limitations Low prevalence rates of anxiety disorder could have led to biased results. Conclusions In young adults, a concurrent GAD might be particularly associated with memory and verbal fluency deficits, whereas only verbal fluency is affected in middle-aged adults with a history of PD, although this association is small. In older adults, anxiety disorders are not clearly associated with worse cognition, probably because in this age group other confounder variables might be attenuating this link. Overall, our findings suggest that cognitive interventions for anxiety disorders may be relevant, especially for young and middle-aged adults.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Previous research suggests an association between anxiety disorders and worse cognitive function. However, this association may vary depending on the type of disorder and age. We analysed the association of panic attack, 12-month and lifetime panic disorder (PD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), with cognitive function in a representative sample of Spanish adults, and compared three age groups (18-49, 50-64, and 65+). Methods Some 4,582 participants were interviewed with an adapted CIDI interview. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were calculated by age group, using T scores of verbal fluency and episodic memory as the outcomes. Results In young adults, 12-month GAD was associated with significantly lower scores of memory performance and verbal fluency, and 12-month PD with worse verbal fluency. In middle-aged participants, lifetime panic attack was related to better performance in verbal fluency, whereas having a diagnosis of lifetime PD was associated with lower scores. However, only participants aged 18-49 with 12-month GAD showed lower memory and verbal fluency, at almost one standard deviation below participants without 12-month GAD. Limitations Low prevalence rates of anxiety disorder could have led to biased results. Conclusions In young adults, a concurrent GAD might be particularly associated with memory and verbal fluency deficits, whereas only verbal fluency is affected in middle-aged adults with a history of PD, although this association is small. In older adults, anxiety disorders are not clearly associated with worse cognition, probably because in this age group other confounder variables might be attenuating this link. Overall, our findings suggest that cognitive interventions for anxiety disorders may be relevant, especially for young and middle-aged adults. |
Borges, G; Orozco, R; Méndez, E; Mortier, P; Covarrubias Díaz-Couder, A; Jimenez Perez, A L; Vargas, E; Martínez Martínez, K; Chavez, Q; Enrique, G; Gutierrrez García, R A; Albor, Y C; Medina-Mora, M E; Ayuso Mateos, J L (Internet) Gaming Disorder in DSM-5 and ICD-11: A Case of the Glass Half Empty or Half Full Artículo de revista The Canadian journal of psychiatry, pp. 1-8, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Borges2020, title = {(Internet) Gaming Disorder in DSM-5 and ICD-11: A Case of the Glass Half Empty or Half Full}, author = {Borges, G and Orozco, R and M\'{e}ndez, E and Mortier, P and Covarrubias D\'{i}az-Couder, A and Jimenez Perez, A.L and Vargas, E and Mart\'{i}nez Mart\'{i}nez, K and Chavez, Q and Enrique, G and Gutierrrez Garc\'{i}a, R.A and Albor, Y.C and Medina-Mora, M.E and Ayuso Mateos, J.L. }, url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0706743720948431}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720948431}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-18}, journal = {The Canadian journal of psychiatry}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Background: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) included in 2013 Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a condition for further study, and in 2018, the World Health Organization included gaming disorder (GD) as a mental disorder in the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11). We aim to compare disorders of gaming in both diagnostic systems using a sample of young adults in Mexico. Methods: Self-administered survey to estimate the prevalence of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD in 5 Mexican universities; 7,022 first-year students who participated in the University Project for Healthy Students, part of the World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Cross-tabulation, logistic regression, and item response theory were used to inform on 12- month prevalence of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD, without and with impairment. Results: The 12-month prevalence of DSM-5 IGD was 5.2% (95% CI, 4.7 to 5.8), almost twice as high as the prevalence using the ICD-11 GD criteria (2.7%; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.1), and while adding an impairment requirement diminishes both estimates, prevalence remains larger in DSM-5. We found that DSM-5 cases detected and undetected by ICD-11 criteria were similar in demographics, comorbid mental disorders, service use, and impairment variables with the exception that cases detected by ICD-11 had a larger number of symptoms and were more likely to have probable drug dependence than undetected DSM-5 cases.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) included in 2013 Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a condition for further study, and in 2018, the World Health Organization included gaming disorder (GD) as a mental disorder in the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11). We aim to compare disorders of gaming in both diagnostic systems using a sample of young adults in Mexico. Methods: Self-administered survey to estimate the prevalence of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD in 5 Mexican universities; 7,022 first-year students who participated in the University Project for Healthy Students, part of the World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Cross-tabulation, logistic regression, and item response theory were used to inform on 12- month prevalence of DSM-5 IGD and ICD-11 GD, without and with impairment. Results: The 12-month prevalence of DSM-5 IGD was 5.2% (95% CI, 4.7 to 5.8), almost twice as high as the prevalence using the ICD-11 GD criteria (2.7%; 95% CI, 2.4 to 3.1), and while adding an impairment requirement diminishes both estimates, prevalence remains larger in DSM-5. We found that DSM-5 cases detected and undetected by ICD-11 criteria were similar in demographics, comorbid mental disorders, service use, and impairment variables with the exception that cases detected by ICD-11 had a larger number of symptoms and were more likely to have probable drug dependence than undetected DSM-5 cases. |
Critselis, E; Panaretos, D; Sánchez-Niubò, A; Giné-Vázquez, I; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Caballero, FF ; de la Fuente, J; Haro, JM ; Panagiotakos, D Ageing trajectories of health-longitudinal opportunities and synergies (ATHLOS) Healthy Ageing Scale in adults from 16 international cohorts representing 38 countries worldwide Artículo de revista Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Panagiotakos2020, title = {Ageing trajectories of health-longitudinal opportunities and synergies (ATHLOS) Healthy Ageing Scale in adults from 16 international cohorts representing 38 countries worldwide}, author = {Critselis, E and Panaretos, D and S\'{a}nchez-Niub\`{o}, A and Gin\'{e}-V\'{a}zquez, I and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Caballero, FF and de la Fuente, J and Haro, JM and Panagiotakos, D.}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214496}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-14}, journal = {Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health}, abstract = {Background: Uniform international measurement tools for assessing healthy ageing are currently lacking. Objectives: The study assessed the novel comprehensive global Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) Healthy Ageing Scale, using an Item Response Theory approach, for evaluating healthy ageing across populations. Design: Pooled analysis of 16 international longitudinal studies. Setting: 38 countries in five continents. Subjects: International cohort (n=355 314), including 44.4% (n=153 597) males, aged (mean±SD) 61.7±11.5 years old. Methods: The ATHLOS Healthy Ageing Scale (including 41 items related to intrinsic capacity and functional ability) was evaluated in a pooled international cohort (n=355 314 from 16 studies) according to gender, country of residence and age group. It was also assessed in a subset of eight cohorts with ≥3 waves of follow-up assessment. The independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney test were applied for comparing normally and skewed continuous variables between groups, respectively. Results: The ATHLOS Scale (range: 12.49-68.84) had a mean (±SD) value of 50.2±10.0, with males and individuals >65 years old exhibiting higher and lower mean scores, respectively. Highest mean scores were detected in Switzerland, Japan and Denmark, while lowest in Ghana, India and Russia. When the ATHLOS Scale was evaluated in a subset of cohorts with ≥3 study waves, mean scores were significantly higher than those of the baseline cohort (mean scores in ≥3 study waves vs baseline: 51.6±9.4 vs 50.2±10.0; p<0.01). Conclusions: The ATHLOS Healthy Ageing Scale may be adequately applied for assessing healthy ageing across populations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Uniform international measurement tools for assessing healthy ageing are currently lacking. Objectives: The study assessed the novel comprehensive global Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) Healthy Ageing Scale, using an Item Response Theory approach, for evaluating healthy ageing across populations. Design: Pooled analysis of 16 international longitudinal studies. Setting: 38 countries in five continents. Subjects: International cohort (n=355 314), including 44.4% (n=153 597) males, aged (mean±SD) 61.7±11.5 years old. Methods: The ATHLOS Healthy Ageing Scale (including 41 items related to intrinsic capacity and functional ability) was evaluated in a pooled international cohort (n=355 314 from 16 studies) according to gender, country of residence and age group. It was also assessed in a subset of eight cohorts with ≥3 waves of follow-up assessment. The independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney test were applied for comparing normally and skewed continuous variables between groups, respectively. Results: The ATHLOS Scale (range: 12.49-68.84) had a mean (±SD) value of 50.2±10.0, with males and individuals >65 years old exhibiting higher and lower mean scores, respectively. Highest mean scores were detected in Switzerland, Japan and Denmark, while lowest in Ghana, India and Russia. When the ATHLOS Scale was evaluated in a subset of cohorts with ≥3 study waves, mean scores were significantly higher than those of the baseline cohort (mean scores in ≥3 study waves vs baseline: 51.6±9.4 vs 50.2±10.0; p<0.01). Conclusions: The ATHLOS Healthy Ageing Scale may be adequately applied for assessing healthy ageing across populations. |
Lara, E; Miret, M; Sanchez, A; Haro, JM ; K, Seppo; Leonardi, M; B, Tobiasz-Adamczyk; Chatterji, S Episodic memory and verbal fluency tasks: normative data from nine nationally-representative samples Artículo de revista Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, pp. 1-10, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Lara2020, title = {Episodic memory and verbal fluency tasks: normative data from nine nationally-representative samples }, author = {Lara, E and Miret, M and Sanchez, A and Haro, JM and Seppo K and Leonardi, M and Tobiasz-Adamczyk B and Chatterji, S.}, editor = {Cambridge University Press}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-neuropsychological-society/article/episodic-memory-and-verbal-fluency-tasks-normative-data-from-nine-nationally-representative-samples/D83CC75D081C94D8464379A7D6D21F39}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617720000582}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-07}, journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Objective: This study aims to generate country-specific norms for two episodic memory tasks and a verbal fluency test among middle-aged and older adults using nationally representative data from nine low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Method: Data from nine countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America were analyzed (n = 42,116; aged 50 years or older). Episodic memory was assessed with the word list memory (three trials of immediate recall) and word list recall (delayed recall). Verbal fluency was measured through the animal naming task. Multiple linear regression models with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, education, and residential area were carried out. Results: Both age and education showed high influence on test performance (i.e. lower cognitive performance with increasing age and decreasing years of education, respectively), while the effect of sex and residential area on cognitive function was neither homogeneous across countries nor across cognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our study provided sex-, age-, education-, and residential area-specific regression-based norms that were obtained from one of the largest normative study worldwide on verbal recall and fluency tests to date. Findings derived from this study will be especially useful for clinicians and researchers based at countries where cognitive norms are limited.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: This study aims to generate country-specific norms for two episodic memory tasks and a verbal fluency test among middle-aged and older adults using nationally representative data from nine low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Method: Data from nine countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America were analyzed (n = 42,116; aged 50 years or older). Episodic memory was assessed with the word list memory (three trials of immediate recall) and word list recall (delayed recall). Verbal fluency was measured through the animal naming task. Multiple linear regression models with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, education, and residential area were carried out. Results: Both age and education showed high influence on test performance (i.e. lower cognitive performance with increasing age and decreasing years of education, respectively), while the effect of sex and residential area on cognitive function was neither homogeneous across countries nor across cognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our study provided sex-, age-, education-, and residential area-specific regression-based norms that were obtained from one of the largest normative study worldwide on verbal recall and fluency tests to date. Findings derived from this study will be especially useful for clinicians and researchers based at countries where cognitive norms are limited. |
Lara, E; Moreno-Agostino, D; Martín-María, N; Miret, M; Rico-Uribe, LA ; Olaya, B; Cabello, M; Haro, JM ; JL, Ayuso-Mateos Exploring the effect of loneliness on all-cause mortality: Are there differences between older adults and younger and middle-aged adults? Artículo de revista Social Science & Medicine, 258 , 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Lara2020b, title = {Exploring the effect of loneliness on all-cause mortality: Are there differences between older adults and younger and middle-aged adults?}, author = {Lara, E and Moreno-Agostino, D and Mart\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a, N and Miret, M and Rico-Uribe, LA and Olaya, B and Cabello, M and Haro, JM and Ayuso-Mateos JL }, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953620303063?dgcid=rss_sd_all}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113087}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-08-01}, journal = {Social Science & Medicine}, volume = {258}, abstract = {This study aims to investigate the association between loneliness and all-cause mortality over a six-year follow-up period using the overall sample and by age groups (18\textendash59 years and 60+ years). Method. Data from a longitudinal, prospective study of a nationally-representative sample of the Spanish non-institutionalized adult population were analysed (n = 4467). Mortality was ascertained via linkage to the National Death Index or obtained during the household visits. The UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness. Sex, age, education, physical activity, tobacco consumption, body mass index, disability, depression, living situation, and social participation were also considered as covariates. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were carried out. Results. A higher level of loneliness was not associated with mortality risk in fully covariate-adjusted models over the entire population (HR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.94, 1.12). The interaction term between loneliness and age groups was significant, indicating that the rate for survival of loneliness varied by age (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.63 for young- and middle-aged individuals; HR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.89, 1.04 for older adults). Conclusions. The development of interventions aimed at tackling loneliness among young- and middle-aged adults might contribute to a mortality risk reduction. Future research is warranted to test whether our results can be replicated.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aims to investigate the association between loneliness and all-cause mortality over a six-year follow-up period using the overall sample and by age groups (18–59 years and 60+ years). Method. Data from a longitudinal, prospective study of a nationally-representative sample of the Spanish non-institutionalized adult population were analysed (n = 4467). Mortality was ascertained via linkage to the National Death Index or obtained during the household visits. The UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness. Sex, age, education, physical activity, tobacco consumption, body mass index, disability, depression, living situation, and social participation were also considered as covariates. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were carried out. Results. A higher level of loneliness was not associated with mortality risk in fully covariate-adjusted models over the entire population (HR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.94, 1.12). The interaction term between loneliness and age groups was significant, indicating that the rate for survival of loneliness varied by age (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.63 for young- and middle-aged individuals; HR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.89, 1.04 for older adults). Conclusions. The development of interventions aimed at tackling loneliness among young- and middle-aged adults might contribute to a mortality risk reduction. Future research is warranted to test whether our results can be replicated. |
Marín-María, N; Caballero F.F adn Lara, E; Domenech, J; Haró, J M; Olaya, B; J.L, Ayuso-Mateos; Miret, M Effects of transient and chronic loneliness on major depression in older adults: a longitudinal study Artículo de revista International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Mar\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a2020, title = {Effects of transient and chronic loneliness on major depression in older adults: a longitudinal study}, author = {Mar\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a, N and Caballero, F.F adn Lara, E and Domenech, J and Har\'{o}, J.M and Olaya, B and Ayuso-Mateos J.L and Miret, M. }, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/gps.5397}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5397}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-31}, journal = {International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, abstract = {Objectives The number of older adults is rapidly rising globally. Loneliness is a common problem that can deteriorate health. The aims of this work were to identify different types of loneliness (transient and chronic) and to assess their association with depression over time. Methods A nationally representative sample from the Spanish population comprising 1190 individuals aged 50+ years was interviewed on three evaluations over a 7‐year period. The UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness. While chronic loneliness was defined as the presence of loneliness across all three waves, transient loneliness expressed the presence of loneliness in one wave only. A 12‐month major depressive episode was assessed at each interview. After confirming the cross‐sectional relationship, a multilevel mixed‐effects model was used to examine the association between loneliness and depression. Results Almost a quarter of individuals felt lonely and one out of ten presented depression at baseline. Of the sample, 22.78% showed transient loneliness, while 6.72% presented the chronic type. People experiencing chronic loneliness were at a higher risk of presenting major depression (OR = 6.11; 95% CI = 2.62, 14.22) than those presenting transient loneliness (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.19, 4.14). This association varied over time and was stronger at the first follow‐up than at the second one. Conclusions Focusing on loneliness prevention could reduce the risk of depression. Chronic loneliness is a public health problem that should be addressed through the full participation of the political, social, and medical sectors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objectives The number of older adults is rapidly rising globally. Loneliness is a common problem that can deteriorate health. The aims of this work were to identify different types of loneliness (transient and chronic) and to assess their association with depression over time. Methods A nationally representative sample from the Spanish population comprising 1190 individuals aged 50+ years was interviewed on three evaluations over a 7‐year period. The UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to measure loneliness. While chronic loneliness was defined as the presence of loneliness across all three waves, transient loneliness expressed the presence of loneliness in one wave only. A 12‐month major depressive episode was assessed at each interview. After confirming the cross‐sectional relationship, a multilevel mixed‐effects model was used to examine the association between loneliness and depression. Results Almost a quarter of individuals felt lonely and one out of ten presented depression at baseline. Of the sample, 22.78% showed transient loneliness, while 6.72% presented the chronic type. People experiencing chronic loneliness were at a higher risk of presenting major depression (OR = 6.11; 95% CI = 2.62, 14.22) than those presenting transient loneliness (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.19, 4.14). This association varied over time and was stronger at the first follow‐up than at the second one. Conclusions Focusing on loneliness prevention could reduce the risk of depression. Chronic loneliness is a public health problem that should be addressed through the full participation of the political, social, and medical sectors. |
De La Torre-Luque, A; Ayuso ‐ Mateos, J L The course of depression in late life: a longitudinal perspective Artículo de revista Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29 (e147), 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Torre-Luque2020c, title = {The course of depression in late life: a longitudinal perspective}, author = {De La Torre-Luque,A and Ayuso ‐ Mateos, J.L.}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/course-of-depression-in-late-life-a-longitudinal-perspective/4321FBFCC1AAFB58C962AA9DAF5FBC69}, doi = {10.1017/S204579602000058X}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-29}, journal = {Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {e147}, abstract = {Depression in old age deserves special attention in view of the fact of progressive population ageing, because of the way in which depression and risk factors interact in this period of life and the particularly negative impact of late-life depression on health and quality of life. This editorial aims to provide some insight into longitudinal aspects of depression in old age. Depression may follow varying trajectories (e.g. episode emergence, recurrence) across the lifespan. Late-life depression is not an exception. A symptom-based approach is presented as an appropriate research method to study the predictors and course of affective syndromes in old age. Findings from our studies on depressive symptom trajectories in old age revealed that participants with a course of unremitting elevated symptoms showed the highest levels of loneliness across the trajectory groups and that participants with subclinical symptoms also showed higher levels of loneliness than their counterparts with a minimal-symptom course trajectory. This highlights the need to address loneliness as a way of dealing with depression in old age.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Depression in old age deserves special attention in view of the fact of progressive population ageing, because of the way in which depression and risk factors interact in this period of life and the particularly negative impact of late-life depression on health and quality of life. This editorial aims to provide some insight into longitudinal aspects of depression in old age. Depression may follow varying trajectories (e.g. episode emergence, recurrence) across the lifespan. Late-life depression is not an exception. A symptom-based approach is presented as an appropriate research method to study the predictors and course of affective syndromes in old age. Findings from our studies on depressive symptom trajectories in old age revealed that participants with a course of unremitting elevated symptoms showed the highest levels of loneliness across the trajectory groups and that participants with subclinical symptoms also showed higher levels of loneliness than their counterparts with a minimal-symptom course trajectory. This highlights the need to address loneliness as a way of dealing with depression in old age. |
Niederkrotenthaler, T; Gunnell, D; Arensman, E; Pirkis, J; Appleby, L; Hawton, K; John, A; Kapur, N; Khan, M; O'Connor, RC ; Platt, S; Collaboration, International COVID-19 Suicide Prevention Research Suicide Research, Prevention, and COVID-19: Towards a Global Response and the Establishment of an International Research Collaboration Artículo de revista Crisis, pp. 1-10, 2020. @article{T2020b, title = {Suicide Research, Prevention, and COVID-19: Towards a Global Response and the Establishment of an International Research Collaboration}, author = {Niederkrotenthaler, T and Gunnell, D and Arensman, E and Pirkis, J and Appleby, L and Hawton, K and John, A and Kapur, N and Khan, M and O'Connor, RC and Platt, S and International COVID-19 Suicide Prevention Research Collaboration}, url = {https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/0227-5910/a000731}, doi = {10.1027/0227-5910/a000731}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-27}, journal = {Crisis}, pages = {1-10}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Donisi, V; Tedeschi, F; Gonzalez-Caballero, JL ; Cresswell-Smith, J; Lara, E; Miret, M; Forsman, AK ; Wahlbeck, K; Amaddeo, F; Kalseth, J Is Mental Well-Being in the Oldest Old Different from That in Younger Age Groups? Exploring the Mental Well-Being of the Oldest-Old Population in Europe Artículo de revista Journal of Happiness Studies, pp. 1-25, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Donisi2020, title = {Is Mental Well-Being in the Oldest Old Different from That in Younger Age Groups? Exploring the Mental Well-Being of the Oldest-Old Population in Europe}, author = {Donisi, V and Tedeschi, F and Gonzalez-Caballero, JL and Cresswell-Smith, J and Lara, E and Miret, M and Forsman, AK and Wahlbeck, K and Amaddeo, F and Kalseth, J. }, editor = {Springer Netherlands}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10902-020-00292-y}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00292-y}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-14}, journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies}, pages = {1-25}, abstract = {The oldest-old population is increasing in Europe, and greater focus is placed on promoting mental well-being (MWB) in this population. The European Welfare Models and Mental Wellbeing in Final Years of Life project aims to develop a better understanding of how best to promote positive MWB in the oldest-old population. Using a resources approach, the present study aimed to provide empirical evidence about the structure of MWB in the 80+ year age group and to compare this with the structure of MWB in the old (65\textendash79 years) and adult (18\textendash64 years) population. Twenty-eight items refecting a focus on positive aspects of MWB were selected from the European Social Survey data (24 countries). After application of an exploratory approach using Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling, fve- and six-factor model solutions were found to be statistically appropriate, and the results are consistent with the most widely studied dimensions of MWB. Despite specifc diferences in the factor models and item loadings, evaluation of formal invariance showed that dimensions built in the same way are comparable across age groups. Although explorative and not conclusive, the results of this study contribute insights into the multidimensional structure of MWB in the oldest-old population and provide a starting point for further research on promoting MWB in the later stages of life.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The oldest-old population is increasing in Europe, and greater focus is placed on promoting mental well-being (MWB) in this population. The European Welfare Models and Mental Wellbeing in Final Years of Life project aims to develop a better understanding of how best to promote positive MWB in the oldest-old population. Using a resources approach, the present study aimed to provide empirical evidence about the structure of MWB in the 80+ year age group and to compare this with the structure of MWB in the old (65–79 years) and adult (18–64 years) population. Twenty-eight items refecting a focus on positive aspects of MWB were selected from the European Social Survey data (24 countries). After application of an exploratory approach using Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling, fve- and six-factor model solutions were found to be statistically appropriate, and the results are consistent with the most widely studied dimensions of MWB. Despite specifc diferences in the factor models and item loadings, evaluation of formal invariance showed that dimensions built in the same way are comparable across age groups. Although explorative and not conclusive, the results of this study contribute insights into the multidimensional structure of MWB in the oldest-old population and provide a starting point for further research on promoting MWB in the later stages of life. |
Wu, Y Z; Daskalopoulou, C; Muniz‐Terrera, G; Sanchez-Niubo, A; Rodriguez-Artajelo, F; Ayuso-Mateos, J L; Bobak, M; Caballero, F F; de la Fuente, J; De La Torre-Luque, A; García-Esquinas, E; Maria-Haro, J; Koskinen, S; Koupil, I; Leonardi, M; Pajak, A; Panagiotakos, D; Stefler, D; Prina, A M Education and wealth inequalities in healthy ageing in eight harmonised cohorts in the ATHLOS consortium: a population-based study Artículo de revista Public Health, 5 (7), pp. e386-e394, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Wu2020, title = {Education and wealth inequalities in healthy ageing in eight harmonised cohorts in the ATHLOS consortium: a population-based study}, author = {Wu, Y Z and Daskalopoulou, C and Muniz‐Terrera, G and Sanchez-Niubo, A and Rodriguez-Artajelo, F and Ayuso-Mateos, J L and Bobak, M and Caballero, F F and de la Fuente, J and De La Torre-Luque, A and Garc\'{i}a-Esquinas, E and Maria-Haro, J and Koskinen, S and Koupil, I and Leonardi, M and Pajak, A and Panagiotakos, D and Stefler, D and Prina, A.M}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468266720300773}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30077-3}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-01}, journal = {Public Health}, volume = {5}, number = {7}, pages = {e386-e394}, abstract = {Background The rapid growth of the size of the older population is having a substantial effect on health and social care services in many societies across the world. Maintaining health and functioning in older age is a key public health issue but few studies have examined factors associated with inequalities in trajectories of health and functioning across countries. The aim of this study was to investigate trajectories of healthy ageing in older men and women (aged ≥45 years) and the effect of education and wealth on these trajectories. Methods This population-based study is based on eight longitudinal cohorts from Australia, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, and Europe harmonised by the EU Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) consortium. We selected these studies from the repository of 17 ageing studies in the ATHLOS consortium because they reported at least three waves of collected data. We used multilevel modelling to investigate the effect of education and wealth on trajectories of healthy ageing scores, which incorporated 41 items of physical and cognitive functioning with a range between 0 (poor) and 100 (good), after adjustment for age, sex, and cohort study. Findings We used data from 141 214 participants, with a mean age of 62·9 years (SD 10·1) and an age range of 45\textendash106 years, of whom 76 484 (54·2%) were women. The earliest year of baseline data was 1992 and the most recent last follow-up year was 2015. Education and wealth affected baseline scores of healthy ageing but had little effect on the rate of decrease in healthy ageing score thereafter. Compared with those with primary education or less, participants with tertiary education had higher baseline scores (adjusted difference in score of 10·54 points, 95% CI 10·31\textendash10·77). The adjusted difference in healthy ageing score between lowest and highest quintiles of wealth was 8·98 points (95% CI 8·74\textendash9·22). Among the eight cohorts, the strongest inequality gradient for both education and wealth was found in the Health Retirement Study from the USA. Interpretation The apparent difference in baseline healthy ageing scores between those with high versus low education levels and wealth suggests that cumulative disadvantage due to low education and wealth might have largely deteriorated health conditions in early life stages, leading to persistent differences throughout older age, but no further increase in ageing disparity after age 70 years. Future research should adopt a lifecourse approach to investigate mechanisms of health inequalities across education and wealth in different societies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background The rapid growth of the size of the older population is having a substantial effect on health and social care services in many societies across the world. Maintaining health and functioning in older age is a key public health issue but few studies have examined factors associated with inequalities in trajectories of health and functioning across countries. The aim of this study was to investigate trajectories of healthy ageing in older men and women (aged ≥45 years) and the effect of education and wealth on these trajectories. Methods This population-based study is based on eight longitudinal cohorts from Australia, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, and Europe harmonised by the EU Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) consortium. We selected these studies from the repository of 17 ageing studies in the ATHLOS consortium because they reported at least three waves of collected data. We used multilevel modelling to investigate the effect of education and wealth on trajectories of healthy ageing scores, which incorporated 41 items of physical and cognitive functioning with a range between 0 (poor) and 100 (good), after adjustment for age, sex, and cohort study. Findings We used data from 141 214 participants, with a mean age of 62·9 years (SD 10·1) and an age range of 45–106 years, of whom 76 484 (54·2%) were women. The earliest year of baseline data was 1992 and the most recent last follow-up year was 2015. Education and wealth affected baseline scores of healthy ageing but had little effect on the rate of decrease in healthy ageing score thereafter. Compared with those with primary education or less, participants with tertiary education had higher baseline scores (adjusted difference in score of 10·54 points, 95% CI 10·31–10·77). The adjusted difference in healthy ageing score between lowest and highest quintiles of wealth was 8·98 points (95% CI 8·74–9·22). Among the eight cohorts, the strongest inequality gradient for both education and wealth was found in the Health Retirement Study from the USA. Interpretation The apparent difference in baseline healthy ageing scores between those with high versus low education levels and wealth suggests that cumulative disadvantage due to low education and wealth might have largely deteriorated health conditions in early life stages, leading to persistent differences throughout older age, but no further increase in ageing disparity after age 70 years. Future research should adopt a lifecourse approach to investigate mechanisms of health inequalities across education and wealth in different societies. |
Tyrovolas, S; Panaretos, D; Daskalopoulou, C; Gine-Vazquez, I; Sanchez-Niubo, A; Guzman Olaya, B; Bobak, M; Prince, M; Prina, A M; Ayuso-Mateos, J L; Caballero, F F; García-Esquinas, E; Arndt, H; Scherbov, S; Sanderson, W C; Gheno, I; Koupil, I; Bickenbach, J; Chatterji, S; Koskinen, S; Raggi, A; Pajak, A; Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B; Haro, J M; Panagiotakos, D Alcohol drinking and health in ageing: a global scale analysis of older individual data through the harmonized dataset of ATHLOS Artículo de revista Nutrients, 12 (6), 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{S2020b, title = {Alcohol drinking and health in ageing: a global scale analysis of older individual data through the harmonized dataset of ATHLOS }, author = {Tyrovolas, S. and Panaretos, D. and Daskalopoulou, C. and Gine-Vazquez, I. and Sanchez-Niubo, A. and Guzman Olaya, B. and Bobak, M. and Prince, M. and Prina, A.M. and Ayuso-Mateos, J.L. and Caballero, F.F. and Garc\'{i}a-Esquinas, E. and Arndt, H. and Scherbov, S. and Sanderson, W.C. and Gheno, I. and Koupil, I. and Bickenbach, J. and Chatterji, S. and Koskinen, S. and Raggi, A. and Pajak, A. and Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B. and Haro, J.M. and Panagiotakos, D.}, url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32545243/}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061746 }, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-11}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, abstract = {We investigated the relation between alcohol drinking and healthy ageing by means of a validated health status metric, using individual data from the Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project. For the purposes of this study, the ATHLOS harmonised dataset, which includes information from individuals aged 65+ in 38 countries, was analysed (n = 135,440). Alcohol drinking was reflected by means of three harmonised variables: alcohol drinking frequency, current and past alcohol drinker. A set of 41 self-reported health items and measured tests were used to generate a specific health metric. In the harmonised dataset, the prevalence of current drinking was 47.5% while of past drinking was 26.5%. In the pooled sample, current alcohol drinking was positively associated with better health status among older adults ((b-coef (95% CI): 1.32(0.45 to 2.19)) and past alcohol drinking was inversely related (b-coef (95% CI): -0.83 (-1.51 to -0.16)) with health status. Often alcohol consumption appeared to be beneficial only for females in all super-regions except Africa, both age group categories (65-80 years old and 80+), both age group categories, as well as among all the financial status categories (all p < 0.05). Regional analysis pictured diverse patterns in the association for current and past alcohol drinkers. Our results report the need for specific alcohol intake recommendations among older adults that will help them maintain a better health status throughout the ageing process.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We investigated the relation between alcohol drinking and healthy ageing by means of a validated health status metric, using individual data from the Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project. For the purposes of this study, the ATHLOS harmonised dataset, which includes information from individuals aged 65+ in 38 countries, was analysed (n = 135,440). Alcohol drinking was reflected by means of three harmonised variables: alcohol drinking frequency, current and past alcohol drinker. A set of 41 self-reported health items and measured tests were used to generate a specific health metric. In the harmonised dataset, the prevalence of current drinking was 47.5% while of past drinking was 26.5%. In the pooled sample, current alcohol drinking was positively associated with better health status among older adults ((b-coef (95% CI): 1.32(0.45 to 2.19)) and past alcohol drinking was inversely related (b-coef (95% CI): -0.83 (-1.51 to -0.16)) with health status. Often alcohol consumption appeared to be beneficial only for females in all super-regions except Africa, both age group categories (65-80 years old and 80+), both age group categories, as well as among all the financial status categories (all p < 0.05). Regional analysis pictured diverse patterns in the association for current and past alcohol drinkers. Our results report the need for specific alcohol intake recommendations among older adults that will help them maintain a better health status throughout the ageing process. |
de la Torre ‐ Luque, A; Cabello, M; Lara, E; de la Fuente, J; Miret M. Sanchez-Niubo, A; Haro, J M; Ayuso ‐ Mateos, J L Functioning profiles in a nationally representative cohort of Spanish older adults: A latent class study Artículo de revista Health and Social Care in the Community, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{delaLuque2020, title = {Functioning profiles in a nationally representative cohort of Spanish older adults: A latent class study}, author = {de la Torre ‐ Luque, A and Cabello, M. and Lara, E. and de la Fuente, J. and Miret, M. Sanchez-Niubo, A. and Haro, J.M. and Ayuso ‐ Mateos, J.L}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/hsc.13031}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13031}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-05}, journal = {Health and Social Care in the Community}, abstract = {Ageing well involves individuals continuing participating in personal, social and civic affairs even in older age. From this standpoint, limitations in individual's functioning (beyond the mere absence of disease) may drastically impact on how well people becoming older. This study aimed to identify functional status profiles in a nationally representative sample of older adults, using latent class analysis methods. Moreover, it intended to study the how identified classes would be related to health‐related outcomes later in life, as a way to provide some evidence on predictive validity. Data from a nationally representative sample of Spanish older adults (N = 2,118; 56.18% women; M = 71.50 years, SD = 7.76), were used. Profiles were identified according to a large set of functioning indicators from multiple domains using latent class analysis. Outcomes were studied over a 3‐year follow‐up, considering both the individual (quality of life, well‐being and mortality) and institutional level (health service utilisation). As a result, seven profiles were identified: normative profile (showed by most participants), limited cognitive functioning class, limited global functioning class, limited mental and mobility functioning class, poor self‐reported health class, limited sensory functioning class and limited objective functioning class. All the profiles with limitations across domains showed poor outcomes. Multidimensional limitations were related to the worst outcomes, especially when psychosomatic complaints and high feelings of loneliness were reported. To sum up, latent class analysis constitutes a suitable alternative to study population heterogeneity, providing relevant evidence to help making decision in public and community health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ageing well involves individuals continuing participating in personal, social and civic affairs even in older age. From this standpoint, limitations in individual's functioning (beyond the mere absence of disease) may drastically impact on how well people becoming older. This study aimed to identify functional status profiles in a nationally representative sample of older adults, using latent class analysis methods. Moreover, it intended to study the how identified classes would be related to health‐related outcomes later in life, as a way to provide some evidence on predictive validity. Data from a nationally representative sample of Spanish older adults (N = 2,118; 56.18% women; M = 71.50 years, SD = 7.76), were used. Profiles were identified according to a large set of functioning indicators from multiple domains using latent class analysis. Outcomes were studied over a 3‐year follow‐up, considering both the individual (quality of life, well‐being and mortality) and institutional level (health service utilisation). As a result, seven profiles were identified: normative profile (showed by most participants), limited cognitive functioning class, limited global functioning class, limited mental and mobility functioning class, poor self‐reported health class, limited sensory functioning class and limited objective functioning class. All the profiles with limitations across domains showed poor outcomes. Multidimensional limitations were related to the worst outcomes, especially when psychosomatic complaints and high feelings of loneliness were reported. To sum up, latent class analysis constitutes a suitable alternative to study population heterogeneity, providing relevant evidence to help making decision in public and community health. |
Martín-María, N; Lara, E; Cresswell-Smith, J; Forsman, AK ; Kalseth, J; Donisi, V; Amaddeo, F; Wahlbeck, K; Miret, M Instruments to evaluate mental well-being in old age: a systematic review Artículo de revista Aging & Mental Health, pp. 1-15, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Martin-Maria2020b, title = {Instruments to evaluate mental well-being in old age: a systematic review}, author = {Mart\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a, N and Lara, E and Cresswell-Smith, J and Forsman, AK and Kalseth, J and Donisi, V and Amaddeo, F and Wahlbeck,K and Miret, M}, editor = {Routledge}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2020.1774742}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1774742}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-06-03}, journal = {Aging & Mental Health}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this study is to identify and appraise existing instruments to evaluate mental well-being in old age. Method: Systematic literature searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest Research Library, AgeLine and CINAHL databases were performed. The COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guideline was used to assess the measurement properties, reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. For each measurement property, results were classified as positive, negative or indeterminate. The quality level of evidence was rated as high, moderate, low or very low following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: A total of 28 instruments were found. Most instruments evaluated different dimensions of mental well-being, including various subscales. The quality was adequate overall. Six instruments showed high quality (Perceived Well-Being Scale-PWB, Salamon-Conte Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Scale-SCLSES, Herth Hope Scale-HHS, Life Satisfaction Index Third Age-LSITA, Meaning in Life Scale-MLS, and SODdisfazione dell’Anziano-SODA), and other six a moderate level (Scale of Happiness of the Memorial University of Newfoundland-MUNSH, Six Scales of Psychological Well-Being-PWBS, Valuation Of Life-VOL, Life Satisfaction Scale for Chinese Elders-LSS-C, Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment-MAPA and Will To Life-WTL). Conclusion: This review provides the first comprehensive synthesis of instruments assessing mental well-being in older populations. The PWB, SCLSES, HHS, LSITA, MLS and SODA were the most appropriated instruments. An instrument that specifically measures mental well-being in the oldest old age group (aged 80 plus) and that considers its multidimensional nature is needed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: The aim of this study is to identify and appraise existing instruments to evaluate mental well-being in old age. Method: Systematic literature searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest Research Library, AgeLine and CINAHL databases were performed. The COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guideline was used to assess the measurement properties, reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. For each measurement property, results were classified as positive, negative or indeterminate. The quality level of evidence was rated as high, moderate, low or very low following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: A total of 28 instruments were found. Most instruments evaluated different dimensions of mental well-being, including various subscales. The quality was adequate overall. Six instruments showed high quality (Perceived Well-Being Scale-PWB, Salamon-Conte Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Scale-SCLSES, Herth Hope Scale-HHS, Life Satisfaction Index Third Age-LSITA, Meaning in Life Scale-MLS, and SODdisfazione dell’Anziano-SODA), and other six a moderate level (Scale of Happiness of the Memorial University of Newfoundland-MUNSH, Six Scales of Psychological Well-Being-PWBS, Valuation Of Life-VOL, Life Satisfaction Scale for Chinese Elders-LSS-C, Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment-MAPA and Will To Life-WTL). Conclusion: This review provides the first comprehensive synthesis of instruments assessing mental well-being in older populations. The PWB, SCLSES, HHS, LSITA, MLS and SODA were the most appropriated instruments. An instrument that specifically measures mental well-being in the oldest old age group (aged 80 plus) and that considers its multidimensional nature is needed. |
Guido, D; Leonardi, M; Mellor-Marsá, B; Moneta, MV ; Sanchez-Niubo, A; Tyrovolas, S; Giné-Vázquez, I; Haro, JM ; Chatterji, S; Bobak, M; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Arndt, H; Koupil, I; Bickenbach, J; Koskinen, S; Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B; Panagiotakos, D; Raggi, A Pain rates in general population for the period 1991–2015 and 10-years prediction: results from a multi-continent age-period-cohort analysis Artículo de revista The journal of headache and pain, 21 , pp. 1-11, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Guido2020, title = {Pain rates in general population for the period 1991\textendash2015 and 10-years prediction: results from a multi-continent age-period-cohort analysis}, author = {Guido, D and Leonardi, M and Mellor-Mars\'{a}, B and Moneta, MV and Sanchez-Niubo, A and Tyrovolas, S and Gin\'{e}-V\'{a}zquez, I and Haro, JM and Chatterji, S and Bobak, M and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Arndt, H and Koupil, I and Bickenbach, J and Koskinen, S and Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B and Panagiotakos, D and Raggi, A.}, editor = {Springer Milan}, url = {https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-020-01108-3#additional-information}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01108-3}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-13}, journal = {The journal of headache and pain}, volume = {21}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {Background: Pain is a common symptom, often associated with neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, and experienced especially by females and by older people. The aims of this study are to evaluate the temporal variations of pain rates among general populations for the period 1991\textendash2015 and to project 10-year pain rates. Methods: We used the harmonized dataset of ATHLOS project, which included 660,028 valid observations in the period 1990\textendash2015 and we applied Bayesian age\textendashperiod\textendashcohort modeling to perform projections up to 2025. The harmonized Pain variable covers the content “self-reported pain experienced at the time of the interview”, with a dichotomous (yes or no) modality. Results: Pain rates were higher among females, older subjects, in recent periods, and among observations referred to cohorts of subjects born between the 20s and the 60s. The 10-year projections indicate a noteworthy increase in pain rates in both genders and particularly among subjects aged 66 or over, for whom a 10\textendash20% increase in pain rate is foreseen; among females only, a 10\textendash15% increase in pain rates is foreseen for those aged 36\textendash50. Conclusions: Projected increase in pain rates will require specific interventions by health and welfare systems, as pain is responsible for limited quality of subjective well-being, reduced employment rates and hampered work performance. Worksite and lifestyle interventions will therefore be needed to limit the impact of projected higher pain rates.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Pain is a common symptom, often associated with neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, and experienced especially by females and by older people. The aims of this study are to evaluate the temporal variations of pain rates among general populations for the period 1991–2015 and to project 10-year pain rates. Methods: We used the harmonized dataset of ATHLOS project, which included 660,028 valid observations in the period 1990–2015 and we applied Bayesian age–period–cohort modeling to perform projections up to 2025. The harmonized Pain variable covers the content “self-reported pain experienced at the time of the interview”, with a dichotomous (yes or no) modality. Results: Pain rates were higher among females, older subjects, in recent periods, and among observations referred to cohorts of subjects born between the 20s and the 60s. The 10-year projections indicate a noteworthy increase in pain rates in both genders and particularly among subjects aged 66 or over, for whom a 10–20% increase in pain rate is foreseen; among females only, a 10–15% increase in pain rates is foreseen for those aged 36–50. Conclusions: Projected increase in pain rates will require specific interventions by health and welfare systems, as pain is responsible for limited quality of subjective well-being, reduced employment rates and hampered work performance. Worksite and lifestyle interventions will therefore be needed to limit the impact of projected higher pain rates. |
Evans, S C; Roberts, M C; Keeley, J W; Rebello, T J; de la Peña, F; Lochman, J E; Burke, J D; Fite, P J; Ezpeleta, L; Matthys, W; Youngstrom, E A; Matsumoto, C; Andrews, H F; Medina-Mora, M E; Ayuso-Mateos, J L; Khoury, B; Kulygina, M; Robles R .and Sharan, P; Zhao M., & Reed G M Diagnostic classification of irritability and oppositionality in youth: A global field study comparing ICD-11 with ICD-10 and DSM-5. Artículo de revista Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry., 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Evans2020, title = {Diagnostic classification of irritability and oppositionality in youth: A global field study comparing ICD-11 with ICD-10 and DSM-5. }, author = {Evans, S. C. and Roberts, M. C. and Keeley, J. W. and Rebello, T. J. and de la Pe\~{n}a, F. and Lochman, J. E. and Burke, J. D and Fite, P. J. and Ezpeleta, L. and Matthys, W. and Youngstrom, E. A. and Matsumoto, C. and Andrews, H. F. and Medina-Mora, M. E. and Ayuso-Mateos, J. L. and Khoury, B. and Kulygina, M. and Robles, R .and Sharan, P. and Zhao, M., & Reed, G. M.}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14697610/0/0}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13244}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-12}, journal = {Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.}, abstract = {Background: Severe irritability has become an important topic in child and adolescent mental health. Based on the available evidence and on public health considerations, WHO classified chronic irritability within oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in ICD-11, a solution markedly different from DSM-5’s (i.e. the new childhood mood diagnosis, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder [DMDD]) and from ICD-10’s (i.e. ODD as one of several conduct disorders without attention to irritability). In this study, we tested the accuracy with which a global, multilingual, multidisciplinary sample of clinicians were able to use the ICD-11 classification of chronic irritability and oppositionality as compared to the ICD-10 and DSM-5 approaches. Methods: Clinicians (N = 196) from 48 countries participated in an Internet-based field study in English, Spanish, or Japanese and were randomized to review and use one of the three diagnostic systems. Through experimental manipulation of validated clinical vignettes, we evaluated how well clinicians in each condition could identify chronic irritability versus nonirritable oppositionality, episodic bipolar disorder, dysthymic depression, and normative irritability. Results: Compared to ICD-10 and DSM5, ICD-11 led to more accurate identification of severe irritability and better differentiation from boundary presentations. Participants using DSM-5 largely failed to apply the DMDD diagnosis when it was appropriate, and they more often applied psychopathological diagnoses to developmentally normative irritability. Conclusions: The formulation of irritability and oppositionality put forth in ICD-11 shows evidence of clinical utility, supporting accurate diagnosis. Global mental health clinicians can readily identify ODD both with and without chronic irritability. Keywords: International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11); oppositional defiant disorder; mood dysregulation; irritability; child and adolescent mental health. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Severe irritability has become an important topic in child and adolescent mental health. Based on the available evidence and on public health considerations, WHO classified chronic irritability within oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in ICD-11, a solution markedly different from DSM-5’s (i.e. the new childhood mood diagnosis, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder [DMDD]) and from ICD-10’s (i.e. ODD as one of several conduct disorders without attention to irritability). In this study, we tested the accuracy with which a global, multilingual, multidisciplinary sample of clinicians were able to use the ICD-11 classification of chronic irritability and oppositionality as compared to the ICD-10 and DSM-5 approaches. Methods: Clinicians (N = 196) from 48 countries participated in an Internet-based field study in English, Spanish, or Japanese and were randomized to review and use one of the three diagnostic systems. Through experimental manipulation of validated clinical vignettes, we evaluated how well clinicians in each condition could identify chronic irritability versus nonirritable oppositionality, episodic bipolar disorder, dysthymic depression, and normative irritability. Results: Compared to ICD-10 and DSM5, ICD-11 led to more accurate identification of severe irritability and better differentiation from boundary presentations. Participants using DSM-5 largely failed to apply the DMDD diagnosis when it was appropriate, and they more often applied psychopathological diagnoses to developmentally normative irritability. Conclusions: The formulation of irritability and oppositionality put forth in ICD-11 shows evidence of clinical utility, supporting accurate diagnosis. Global mental health clinicians can readily identify ODD both with and without chronic irritability. Keywords: International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11); oppositional defiant disorder; mood dysregulation; irritability; child and adolescent mental health. |
De La Torre-Luque, A; Moreno-Agostino, D; Ojagbemi, A; Caballero, FF ; Lara, E; Olaseinde, T; Olaya, B; Haro, JM ; Ayuso Mateos, JL Cross-cultural comparison of symptom networks in late-life major depressive disorder: Yoruba Africans and the Spanish Population Artículo de revista International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2020. @article{Torre-Luque2020b, title = {Cross-cultural comparison of symptom networks in late-life major depressive disorder: Yoruba Africans and the Spanish Population }, author = {De La Torre-Luque,A and Moreno-Agostino, D and Ojagbemi, A and Caballero, FF and Lara, E and Olaseinde, T and Olaya, B and Haro, JM and Ayuso Mateos, JL }, doi = {10.1002/gps.5329}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-11}, journal = {International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Lindert, J; Jakubauskiene, M; Natan, M; Bain, P; Schmahl, C; Cabello, M; Kamenov, K; Wehrwein, A; MG., Carta Psychosocial interventions for violence exposed youth - a systematic review (in press) Artículo de revista Child Abuse & Neglect, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Lindert2020, title = {Psychosocial interventions for violence exposed youth - a systematic review (in press)}, author = {Lindert, J and Jakubauskiene, M and Natan, M and Bain, P and Schmahl, C and Cabello, M and Kamenov, K and Wehrwein, A and Carta MG.}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014521342030185X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104530}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-09}, journal = {Child Abuse & Neglect}, abstract = {Background Violence exposure (direct, indirect, individual, structural) affects youth mental health. Objective We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in addressing the sequelae of violence exposure on youth (15\textendash24 years old) and evaluate whether moderating factors impact intervention effectiveness. Methods We systematically searched eight databases and reference lists to retrieve any studies of psychosocial interventions addressing mental health among youth aged 15\textendash25 exposed to violence. We assessed study risk of bias using an adapted version of the Downs and Black’s Risk of Bias Scale. Results We identified n = 3077 studies. Sixteen articles representing 14 studies met were included. The studies assessed direct and indirect individual violence exposure at least once. We pooled the data from the 14 studies and evaluated the effects. We estimated an average effect of r+ = 0.57 (RCTs: 95 % CI 0.02\textendash1.13; observational studies: 95 % CI 0.27\textendash86) with some heterogeneity (RCTs: I2 = 78.03, longitudinal studies: I2 = 82.93). The most effective interventions are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Exposure Therapy with an exposure focus. However, due to the small number of studies we are uncertain about benefits of interventions. Conclusions No study assessed structural violence. Therefore, studies are needed to evaluate the effects of psychosocial interventions for youth exposed to direct, indirect, individual and structural violence.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Violence exposure (direct, indirect, individual, structural) affects youth mental health. Objective We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in addressing the sequelae of violence exposure on youth (15–24 years old) and evaluate whether moderating factors impact intervention effectiveness. Methods We systematically searched eight databases and reference lists to retrieve any studies of psychosocial interventions addressing mental health among youth aged 15–25 exposed to violence. We assessed study risk of bias using an adapted version of the Downs and Black’s Risk of Bias Scale. Results We identified n = 3077 studies. Sixteen articles representing 14 studies met were included. The studies assessed direct and indirect individual violence exposure at least once. We pooled the data from the 14 studies and evaluated the effects. We estimated an average effect of r+ = 0.57 (RCTs: 95 % CI 0.02–1.13; observational studies: 95 % CI 0.27–86) with some heterogeneity (RCTs: I2 = 78.03, longitudinal studies: I2 = 82.93). The most effective interventions are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Exposure Therapy with an exposure focus. However, due to the small number of studies we are uncertain about benefits of interventions. Conclusions No study assessed structural violence. Therefore, studies are needed to evaluate the effects of psychosocial interventions for youth exposed to direct, indirect, individual and structural violence. |
Raggi, A; Leonardi, M; Mellor-Marsá, B; Moneta, MV ; Sanchez-Niubo, A; Tyrovolas, S; Giné-Vázquez, I; Haro, JM ; Chatterji, S; Bobak, M; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Arndt, H; Hossin, Z; Bickenbach; Seppo Koskinen, J; Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B; Panagiotakos, D; Corso, B Predictors of pain in general ageing populations: results from a multi-country analysis based on ATHLOS harmonized database Artículo de revista The Journal of Headache and Pain, 21 (1), pp. 45, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{A2020c, title = {Predictors of pain in general ageing populations: results from a multi-country analysis based on ATHLOS harmonized database }, author = {Raggi, A and Leonardi, M and Mellor-Mars\'{a}, B and Moneta, MV and Sanchez-Niubo, A and Tyrovolas, S and Gin\'{e}-V\'{a}zquez, I and Haro, JM and Chatterji, S and Bobak, M and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Arndt, H and Hossin, Z and Bickenbach; Seppo Koskinen, J and Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B and Panagiotakos, D and Corso ,B}, doi = {10.1186/s10194-020-01116-3}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-05-06}, journal = {The Journal of Headache and Pain}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {45}, abstract = {Background: Pain is a common symptom, often associated with neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, and experienced especially by females and by older people, and with increasing trends in general populations. Different risk factors for pain have been identified, but generally from studies with limited samples and a limited number of candidate predictors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictors of pain from a large set of variables and respondents. Methods: We used part of the harmonized dataset of ATHLOS project, selecting studies and waves with a longitudinal course, and in which pain was absent at baseline and with no missing at follow-up. Predictors were selected based on missing distribution and univariable association with pain, and were selected from the following domains: Socio-demographic and economic characteristics, Lifestyle and health behaviours, Health status and functional limitations, Diseases, Physical measures, Cognition, personality and other psychological measures, and Social environment. Hierarchical logistic regression models were then applied to identify significant predictors. Results: A total of 13,545 subjects were included of whom 5348 (39.5%) developed pain between baseline and the average 5.2 years' follow-up. Baseline risk factors for pain were female gender (OR 1.34), engaging in vigorous exercise (OR 2.51), being obese (OR 1.36) and suffering from the loss of a close person (OR 1.88) whereas follow-up risk factors were low energy levels/fatigue (1.93), difficulties with walking (1.69), self-rated health referred as poor (OR 2.20) or average to moderate (OR 1.57) and presence of sleep problems (1.80). Conclusions: Our results showed that 39.5% of respondents developed pain over a five-year follow-up period, that there are proximal and distal risk factors for pain, and that part of them are directly modifiable. Actions aimed at improving sleep, reducing weight among obese people and treating fatigue would positively impact on pain onset, and avoiding vigorous exercise should be advised to people aged 60 or over, in particular if female or obese. Keywords: Bereavement; Exercise; Fatigue; Headache disorders; Musculoskeletal disorders; Obesity; Pain; Risk factors; Sleep; Walking.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background: Pain is a common symptom, often associated with neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, and experienced especially by females and by older people, and with increasing trends in general populations. Different risk factors for pain have been identified, but generally from studies with limited samples and a limited number of candidate predictors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictors of pain from a large set of variables and respondents. Methods: We used part of the harmonized dataset of ATHLOS project, selecting studies and waves with a longitudinal course, and in which pain was absent at baseline and with no missing at follow-up. Predictors were selected based on missing distribution and univariable association with pain, and were selected from the following domains: Socio-demographic and economic characteristics, Lifestyle and health behaviours, Health status and functional limitations, Diseases, Physical measures, Cognition, personality and other psychological measures, and Social environment. Hierarchical logistic regression models were then applied to identify significant predictors. Results: A total of 13,545 subjects were included of whom 5348 (39.5%) developed pain between baseline and the average 5.2 years' follow-up. Baseline risk factors for pain were female gender (OR 1.34), engaging in vigorous exercise (OR 2.51), being obese (OR 1.36) and suffering from the loss of a close person (OR 1.88) whereas follow-up risk factors were low energy levels/fatigue (1.93), difficulties with walking (1.69), self-rated health referred as poor (OR 2.20) or average to moderate (OR 1.57) and presence of sleep problems (1.80). Conclusions: Our results showed that 39.5% of respondents developed pain over a five-year follow-up period, that there are proximal and distal risk factors for pain, and that part of them are directly modifiable. Actions aimed at improving sleep, reducing weight among obese people and treating fatigue would positively impact on pain onset, and avoiding vigorous exercise should be advised to people aged 60 or over, in particular if female or obese. Keywords: Bereavement; Exercise; Fatigue; Headache disorders; Musculoskeletal disorders; Obesity; Pain; Risk factors; Sleep; Walking. |
Bayes-Marin, I; Fernández, D; Lara, E; Martín-María, N; Miret, M; Moreno-Agostino, D; Ayuso-Mateos, JL; Sanchez-Niubo, A; Haro, JM ; Olaya, B Trajectories of immediate and delayed verbal memory in the Spanish general population of middle-aged and older adults. Artículo de revista Brain Sciences, (10), pp. 249, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Bayes-Marin2020, title = {Trajectories of immediate and delayed verbal memory in the Spanish general population of middle-aged and older adults. }, author = {Bayes-Marin, I and Fern\'{a}ndez, D and Lara, E and Mart\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a, N and Miret,M and Moreno-Agostino,D and Ayuso-Mateos,JL and Sanchez-Niubo, A and Haro, JM and Olaya, B.}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/4/249}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-22}, journal = {Brain Sciences}, number = {10}, pages = {249}, abstract = {Abstract: (1) Cognitive decline differs among individuals and cognition function domains. We sought to identify distinct groups of immediate and delayed verbal memory in two age subsamples (50\textendash64, 65+ years), and to analyze associated factors. (2) Latent class mixed models were used to identify verbal memory trajectories in a sample of Spanish community-dwelling individuals over 8 years’ follow up. Chi-square and Kruskal\textendashWallis tests were used to assess differences among trajectories. (3) Different trajectories were identified. In the case of immediate verbal memory, these were: very low/decline (6.3%), low/stable (38.2%), medium/slow decline (43.4%), and high/slow decline (12.2%) in the middle-aged group, and low/decline (20.4%), medium/slow decline (60.4%), and high/slow decline (19.2%) in the older subsample. In delayed verbal memory, more distinct patterns were found: very low/decline (12.4%), low/stable (51.4%), medium/accelerated decline (24.7%), and high/slow increase (11.4%) in the younger group, and low/slow decline (34.4%), medium/decline (52.7%), and high/slow decline (12.9%) in the older group. (4) Overall, low initial performance and decline were associated with older age, lower education, and higher diabetes/stroke prevalence. Differences found suggests heterogeneity in cognitive ageing. The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in those with worse cognition suggests that early interventions to prevent those conditions should be targeted in midlife to delay cognitive decline.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract: (1) Cognitive decline differs among individuals and cognition function domains. We sought to identify distinct groups of immediate and delayed verbal memory in two age subsamples (50–64, 65+ years), and to analyze associated factors. (2) Latent class mixed models were used to identify verbal memory trajectories in a sample of Spanish community-dwelling individuals over 8 years’ follow up. Chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to assess differences among trajectories. (3) Different trajectories were identified. In the case of immediate verbal memory, these were: very low/decline (6.3%), low/stable (38.2%), medium/slow decline (43.4%), and high/slow decline (12.2%) in the middle-aged group, and low/decline (20.4%), medium/slow decline (60.4%), and high/slow decline (19.2%) in the older subsample. In delayed verbal memory, more distinct patterns were found: very low/decline (12.4%), low/stable (51.4%), medium/accelerated decline (24.7%), and high/slow increase (11.4%) in the younger group, and low/slow decline (34.4%), medium/decline (52.7%), and high/slow decline (12.9%) in the older group. (4) Overall, low initial performance and decline were associated with older age, lower education, and higher diabetes/stroke prevalence. Differences found suggests heterogeneity in cognitive ageing. The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in those with worse cognition suggests that early interventions to prevent those conditions should be targeted in midlife to delay cognitive decline. |
Moreno-Agostino, D; de la Torre-Luque, A; de la Fuente, J; Lara, E; Martín-María, N; Moneta, MV ; Bayés, I; Olaya, B; Haro, JM ; Miret, M; Ayuso-Mateos, JL. Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing Trajectories in Older Adults: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach Artículo de revista Journal of Happiness Studies, pp. 1-18, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Moreno-Agostino2020, title = {Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing Trajectories in Older Adults: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach}, author = {Moreno-Agostino, D and de la Torre-Luque, A and de la Fuente, J and Lara, E and Mart\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a, N and Moneta, MV and Bay\'{e}s, I and Olaya, B and Haro, JM and Miret, M and Ayuso-Mateos, JL.}, editor = {Springer}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10902-020-00248-2#additional-information}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00248-2}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-02}, journal = {Journal of Happiness Studies}, pages = {1-18}, abstract = {Subjective wellbeing (SWB) is a core component of healthy aging to be promoted among older adults. This study aims to analyze whether there are subgroups with diferent trajectories in the main components of SWB (i.e. positive afect, negative afect, and life satisfaction) within the older population, and identify potential determinants of these heterogeneous trajectories. We analyzed data on 1,189 Spanish older adults aged 50+, collected as part of a nationwide representative longitudinal survey. We used a growth mixture modeling approach to identify heterogeneous trajectories within each SWB component, and logistic and multinomial regressions to explore the associated determinants. In addition to a predominant trajectory with above neutral, relatively stable scores on each SWB outcome, we found an additional trajectory with worse scores throughout all older adulthood for all SWB components, alongside a trajectory with a better life satisfaction. Depression, loneliness, disability, income, education, marital status, physical activity, and occupational status were found to be signifcant determinants of the membership to diferent trajectories. Our results suggest that there is no unitary trajectory of SWB in the older population regarding any of its components. Moreover, they point at the appropriateness of programs aimed at promoting or counteracting the aspects that may respectively prevent or facilitate pertaining to the trajectories with worst long-term outcomes as an efective way of enhancing healthy aging.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Subjective wellbeing (SWB) is a core component of healthy aging to be promoted among older adults. This study aims to analyze whether there are subgroups with diferent trajectories in the main components of SWB (i.e. positive afect, negative afect, and life satisfaction) within the older population, and identify potential determinants of these heterogeneous trajectories. We analyzed data on 1,189 Spanish older adults aged 50+, collected as part of a nationwide representative longitudinal survey. We used a growth mixture modeling approach to identify heterogeneous trajectories within each SWB component, and logistic and multinomial regressions to explore the associated determinants. In addition to a predominant trajectory with above neutral, relatively stable scores on each SWB outcome, we found an additional trajectory with worse scores throughout all older adulthood for all SWB components, alongside a trajectory with a better life satisfaction. Depression, loneliness, disability, income, education, marital status, physical activity, and occupational status were found to be signifcant determinants of the membership to diferent trajectories. Our results suggest that there is no unitary trajectory of SWB in the older population regarding any of its components. Moreover, they point at the appropriateness of programs aimed at promoting or counteracting the aspects that may respectively prevent or facilitate pertaining to the trajectories with worst long-term outcomes as an efective way of enhancing healthy aging. |
Martín-María, N; Caballero, FF ; Moreno-Agostino, D; Olaya, B; Haro, JM ; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Miret, M Relationship between subjective well-being and healthy lifestyle behaviours in older adults: a longitudinal study Artículo de revista Aging & mental health, 24 (4), pp. 611-619, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Martin-MariaN2020, title = {Relationship between subjective well-being and healthy lifestyle behaviours in older adults: a longitudinal study}, author = {Mart\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a, N and Caballero, FF and Moreno-Agostino, D and Olaya, B and Haro, JM and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Miret, M}, editor = {Routledge}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2018.1548567}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1548567}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-02}, journal = {Aging & mental health}, volume = {24}, number = {4}, pages = {611-619}, abstract = {Objectives: People who report better subjective well-being tend to be healthier in their daily behaviours. The objective of this study is to assess whether different components of subjective well-being are prospectively associated with different healthy lifestyle behaviours and to assess whether these associations differ by age. Method: A total of 1,892 participants aged 50+ living in Spain were interviewed in 2011\textendash12 and 2014\textendash15. Life satisfaction was measured with the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale. Positive and negative affect were assessed using the Day Reconstruction Method. Physical activity was assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire version 2. The remaining healthy lifestyle behaviours were self-reported. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) models were run. Results: Not having a heavy episodic alcohol drinking was the healthy lifestyle behaviour most fulfilled (97.97%), whereas the intake of five or more fruits and vegetables was the least followed (33.12%). GEE models conducted over the 50\textendash64 and the 65+ age groups showed that a higher life satisfaction was significantly related to a higher physical activity in both groups. Relationships between a higher negative affect and presenting a lower level of physical activity, and a higher positive affect and following the right consumption of fruits and vegetables and being a non-daily smoker, were only found in the older group. Conclusion: The relationship between subjective well-being and healthy lifestyle behaviours was found fundamentally in those aged 65+ years. Interventions focused on incrementing subjective well-being would have an impact on keeping a healthy lifestyle and, therefore, on reducing morbidity and mortality.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objectives: People who report better subjective well-being tend to be healthier in their daily behaviours. The objective of this study is to assess whether different components of subjective well-being are prospectively associated with different healthy lifestyle behaviours and to assess whether these associations differ by age. Method: A total of 1,892 participants aged 50+ living in Spain were interviewed in 2011–12 and 2014–15. Life satisfaction was measured with the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale. Positive and negative affect were assessed using the Day Reconstruction Method. Physical activity was assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire version 2. The remaining healthy lifestyle behaviours were self-reported. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) models were run. Results: Not having a heavy episodic alcohol drinking was the healthy lifestyle behaviour most fulfilled (97.97%), whereas the intake of five or more fruits and vegetables was the least followed (33.12%). GEE models conducted over the 50–64 and the 65+ age groups showed that a higher life satisfaction was significantly related to a higher physical activity in both groups. Relationships between a higher negative affect and presenting a lower level of physical activity, and a higher positive affect and following the right consumption of fruits and vegetables and being a non-daily smoker, were only found in the older group. Conclusion: The relationship between subjective well-being and healthy lifestyle behaviours was found fundamentally in those aged 65+ years. Interventions focused on incrementing subjective well-being would have an impact on keeping a healthy lifestyle and, therefore, on reducing morbidity and mortality. |
Cabello, M; Borges, G; Lara, L; Olaya, B; Martín-Maria, N; Moreno-Agostino, D; Miret, M; Caballero, FF. ; Haro, JM; Ayuso Mateos, JL. The relationship between all-cause mortality and depression in different gender and age groups of the Spanish population Artículo de revista Journal of Affective Disorders, 266 , pp. 424-428, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: . @article{Cabello2020, title = {The relationship between all-cause mortality and depression in different gender and age groups of the Spanish population }, author = {Cabello, M. and Borges,G. and Lara, L. and Olaya,B. and Mart\'{i}n-Maria, N. and Moreno-Agostino, D. and Miret,M. and Caballero, FF. and Haro,JM and Ayuso Mateos, JL. }, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032719330447 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.162}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-01}, journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, volume = {266}, pages = {424-428}, abstract = {Background Literature has shown that the effect of depression on all-cause mortality is stronger in men. However, it is less clear whether depression affects older and younger people equally. The present study is aimed to analyze whether depression is associated to all-cause mortality in different age and gender groups. Methods We analyzed a nationally representative sample of the Spanish adult population that was followed-up on for a period of 6 years (n = 4583). Unadjusted and adjusted cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to test whether baseline depression was associated to all-cause mortality in the total sample and in the different gender and age specific groups, separately. Results Unadjusted analyses revealed that depression was associated with higher likelihood of having a shorter survival and dying, in the total sample and in both groups of men (18\textendash64 and 65+ years). However, adjusted analyses stratified by age groups and gender revealed that depression was only a significant factor for all-cause mortality in 18\textendash64 aged men (HR: 6.11; 95%CI= 2.16,17.23). Limitations Cause-specific mortality was not examined. Young adults and middle-aged participants were not analyzed separately. Conclusions The depression and all-cause mortality relationship was only found among young and middle-aged men. Further studies should consider whether the significant association between depression and all-cause mortality in young and middle-aged men is due to a behavior of seeking help less, the way depression is shaped in adult men, or to other clinical or health-system related factors.}, keywords = {.}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Literature has shown that the effect of depression on all-cause mortality is stronger in men. However, it is less clear whether depression affects older and younger people equally. The present study is aimed to analyze whether depression is associated to all-cause mortality in different age and gender groups. Methods We analyzed a nationally representative sample of the Spanish adult population that was followed-up on for a period of 6 years (n = 4583). Unadjusted and adjusted cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to test whether baseline depression was associated to all-cause mortality in the total sample and in the different gender and age specific groups, separately. Results Unadjusted analyses revealed that depression was associated with higher likelihood of having a shorter survival and dying, in the total sample and in both groups of men (18–64 and 65+ years). However, adjusted analyses stratified by age groups and gender revealed that depression was only a significant factor for all-cause mortality in 18–64 aged men (HR: 6.11; 95%CI= 2.16,17.23). Limitations Cause-specific mortality was not examined. Young adults and middle-aged participants were not analyzed separately. Conclusions The depression and all-cause mortality relationship was only found among young and middle-aged men. Further studies should consider whether the significant association between depression and all-cause mortality in young and middle-aged men is due to a behavior of seeking help less, the way depression is shaped in adult men, or to other clinical or health-system related factors. |
Bayes-Marin, I; Fernández, D; Lara, E; Martín-María, N; Miret, M; Moreno-Agostino, D; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Sanchez-Niubo, A; Haro, JM ; Olaya, B Trajectories of Immediate and Delayed Verbal Memory in the Spanish General Population of Middle-aged and Older Adults Artículo de revista Brain Sciences, 10 (4), pp. 249, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Bayes-Marin2020b, title = {Trajectories of Immediate and Delayed Verbal Memory in the Spanish General Population of Middle-aged and Older Adults}, author = {Bayes-Marin, I and Fern\'{a}ndez, D and Lara, E and Mart\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a, N and Miret, M and Moreno-Agostino, D and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Sanchez-Niubo, A and Haro, JM and Olaya, B}, editor = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/4/249}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10040249}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-01}, journal = {Brain Sciences}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {249}, abstract = {Cognitive decline differs among individuals and cognition function domains. We sought to identify distinct groups of immediate and delayed verbal memory in two age subsamples (50\textendash64, 65+ years), and to analyze associated factors. (2) Latent class mixed models were used to identify verbal memory trajectories in a sample of Spanish community-dwelling individuals over 8 years’ follow up. Chi-square and Kruskal\textendashWallis tests were used to assess differences among trajectories. (3) Different trajectories were identified. In the case of immediate verbal memory, these were: very low/decline (6.3%), low/stable (38.2%), medium/slow decline (43.4%), and high/slow decline (12.2%) in the middle-aged group, and low/decline (20.4%), medium/slow decline (60.4%), and high/slow decline (19.2%) in the older subsample. In delayed verbal memory, more distinct patterns were found: very low/decline (12.4%), low/stable (51.4%), medium/accelerated decline (24.7%), and high/slow increase (11.4%) in the younger group, and low/slow decline (34.4%), medium/decline (52.7%), and high/slow decline (12.9%) in the older group. (4) Overall, low initial performance and decline were associated with older age, lower education, and higher diabetes/stroke prevalence. Differences found suggests heterogeneity in cognitive ageing. The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in those with worse cognition suggests that early interventions to prevent those conditions should be targeted in midlife to delay cognitive decline.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cognitive decline differs among individuals and cognition function domains. We sought to identify distinct groups of immediate and delayed verbal memory in two age subsamples (50–64, 65+ years), and to analyze associated factors. (2) Latent class mixed models were used to identify verbal memory trajectories in a sample of Spanish community-dwelling individuals over 8 years’ follow up. Chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to assess differences among trajectories. (3) Different trajectories were identified. In the case of immediate verbal memory, these were: very low/decline (6.3%), low/stable (38.2%), medium/slow decline (43.4%), and high/slow decline (12.2%) in the middle-aged group, and low/decline (20.4%), medium/slow decline (60.4%), and high/slow decline (19.2%) in the older subsample. In delayed verbal memory, more distinct patterns were found: very low/decline (12.4%), low/stable (51.4%), medium/accelerated decline (24.7%), and high/slow increase (11.4%) in the younger group, and low/slow decline (34.4%), medium/decline (52.7%), and high/slow decline (12.9%) in the older group. (4) Overall, low initial performance and decline were associated with older age, lower education, and higher diabetes/stroke prevalence. Differences found suggests heterogeneity in cognitive ageing. The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in those with worse cognition suggests that early interventions to prevent those conditions should be targeted in midlife to delay cognitive decline. |
Nordmyr, J; Creswell-Smith, J; Donisi, V; Lara E, Martín-María N; Nyholm, L; Forsman, A K Mental well-being among the oldest old: revisiting the model of healthy ageing in a Finnish context. Artículo de revista International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 15 (1), pp. 1734276, 2020, ISSN: NULL-. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: . @article{Nordmyr2020, title = {Mental well-being among the oldest old: revisiting the model of healthy ageing in a Finnish context.}, author = {Nordmyr,J and Creswell-Smith, J and Donisi, V and Lara, E ,Mart\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a, N and Nyholm,L and Forsman, A.K.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17482631.2020.1734276}, doi = {10.1080/17482631.2020.1734276}, issn = {NULL-}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-03-02}, journal = {International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {1734276}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to examine how participants aged 80 years old or over describe their mental well-being\textemdashexploring the suitability of the model of healthy ageing when outlining the mental well-being concept. Methods: Six structured focus group interviews with 28 participants were conducted in Western Finland in 2017. Qualitative content analysis was performed, where both manifest and latent content was considered in a process involving meaning condensation and coding, followed by categorization. Results: The healthy ageing model constituted a useful framework for the conceptualization of mental well-being, illustrating the links between these two constructs. The analysis resulted in a four-dimensional model of mental well-being in oldest old age, the key components being: Activities\textemdashenjoyment and fulfilment; Capability\textemdashfunctioning and independence; Orientation\textemdashawareness, shifted perspectives and values; and Connectedness\textemdashsense of belonging. Conclusions: Although functional status plays an important role for well-being in general, it is not the principal component of self-reported mental well-being within the heterogeneous group of the oldest old. Further, many persons in this age group do not view themselves as passive or dependent, on the contrary, they underline the importance of empowering attitudes, a positive mindset and actively creating circumstances which support their mental well-being.}, keywords = {.}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to examine how participants aged 80 years old or over describe their mental well-being—exploring the suitability of the model of healthy ageing when outlining the mental well-being concept. Methods: Six structured focus group interviews with 28 participants were conducted in Western Finland in 2017. Qualitative content analysis was performed, where both manifest and latent content was considered in a process involving meaning condensation and coding, followed by categorization. Results: The healthy ageing model constituted a useful framework for the conceptualization of mental well-being, illustrating the links between these two constructs. The analysis resulted in a four-dimensional model of mental well-being in oldest old age, the key components being: Activities—enjoyment and fulfilment; Capability—functioning and independence; Orientation—awareness, shifted perspectives and values; and Connectedness—sense of belonging. Conclusions: Although functional status plays an important role for well-being in general, it is not the principal component of self-reported mental well-being within the heterogeneous group of the oldest old. Further, many persons in this age group do not view themselves as passive or dependent, on the contrary, they underline the importance of empowering attitudes, a positive mindset and actively creating circumstances which support their mental well-being. |
Martín-María, N; Félix Caballero, F; Miret, M; Tyrovolas, S; Haro, JM. ; Ayuso-Mateos, JL.; Chatterji, S Differential impact of transient and chronic loneliness on health status. A longitudinal study Artículo de revista Psychology & Health, 35 (2), pp. 177-95, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: . @article{Mart\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a2020, title = {Differential impact of transient and chronic loneliness on health status. A longitudinal study}, author = {Mart\'{i}n-Mar\'{i}a,N. and F\'{e}lix Caballero,F. and Miret, M. and Tyrovolas,S. and Haro, JM. and Ayuso-Mateos,JL. and Chatterji, S.}, editor = {Routledge}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08870446.2019.1632312 https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1632312}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-01}, journal = {Psychology & Health}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {177-95}, abstract = {Objective: Loneliness is associated with worse health status outcomes. Yet, the present study is one of the first to identify how patterns of loneliness (transient and chronic) are associated with health over time. Design: A total of 2,390 individuals were interviewed in 2011\textendash2012 and 2014\textendash2015 in a follow-up study conducted over a nationally representative sample of Spain. After confirming a longitudinal relationship between loneliness and health status, a growth curve mixture modeling was used to examine health trajectories. Main outcome measures: The three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to assess loneliness. Health status was measured with self-reported questions regarding ten domains (vision, mobility, and self-care, among others), and seven measured tests (including grip strength, walking speed and immediate and delayed verbal recall). Results: A quarter of participants were lonely at baseline. Both the group of transient and chronic loneliness showed a negative significant relationship with health status at follow-up, (β = −0.063 and β = −0.075 respectively, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the health status did not change across time in any group. Conclusion: People experiencing chronic loneliness had the worst health status. Different patterns of loneliness could benefit from the appropriate interventions.}, keywords = {.}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: Loneliness is associated with worse health status outcomes. Yet, the present study is one of the first to identify how patterns of loneliness (transient and chronic) are associated with health over time. Design: A total of 2,390 individuals were interviewed in 2011–2012 and 2014–2015 in a follow-up study conducted over a nationally representative sample of Spain. After confirming a longitudinal relationship between loneliness and health status, a growth curve mixture modeling was used to examine health trajectories. Main outcome measures: The three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale was used to assess loneliness. Health status was measured with self-reported questions regarding ten domains (vision, mobility, and self-care, among others), and seven measured tests (including grip strength, walking speed and immediate and delayed verbal recall). Results: A quarter of participants were lonely at baseline. Both the group of transient and chronic loneliness showed a negative significant relationship with health status at follow-up, (β = −0.063 and β = −0.075 respectively, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the health status did not change across time in any group. Conclusion: People experiencing chronic loneliness had the worst health status. Different patterns of loneliness could benefit from the appropriate interventions. |
Iglesias García, C; López García, P; Ayuso Mateos, JL.; García, JA.; Bobes, J Detección de ansiedad y depresión en Atención Primaria: utilidad de 2 escalas breves adaptadas a los nuevos criterios CIE-11-AP. Artículo de revista Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment.(Barc., Ed. impr.), 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: . @article{Garc\'{i}a2020, title = {Detecci\'{o}n de ansiedad y depresi\'{o}n en Atenci\'{o}n Primaria: utilidad de 2 escalas breves adaptadas a los nuevos criterios CIE-11-AP.}, author = {Iglesias Garc\'{i}a, C. and , L\'{o}pez Garc\'{i}a,P. and Ayuso Mateos,JL. and Garc\'{i}a,JA. and Bobes, J}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989120300148 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.12.001}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-01}, journal = {Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment.(Barc., Ed. impr.)}, abstract = {Introduction The World Health Organization has developed a new classification of mental disorders in Primary Health Care (PHC), the ICD-11-PHC, in which there are changes in the diagnostic criteria of anxiety and depression disorder. In addition, 2 screening instruments have been developed for the detection of anxious and depressive symptoms according to the criteria of the new classification. Objectives To evaluate the capacity of the Spanish version of the 2 brief scales Dep5 and Anx5 to identify cases of depression and anxiety in PHC in Spain. Method A cross-sectional study conducted by 37 PHC physicians who selected 284 patients with suspected emotional distress. This sample was administered the screening scales (Anx5 and Dep5) and a diagnostic instrument (Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised) contemplating the new ICD-11 criteria as used as gold standard. Results The Anx5, using a cut-off point of 3, showed a sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.53. Using a cut-off point of 4, the Dep5 showed a sensitivity of 0.48 and a specificity of 0.8. The 2 scales together, with a cut-off point of 3 for each, classified correctly 73,57% as cases or non-cases. The diagnosis most frequently observed was anxious depression. Conclusions The screening scales for anxious and depressive symptoms (Anx5 and Dep5) are simple and easy-to-use instruments for assessing anxious and depressive symptoms in PHC. The reliability and validity data of each of the scales separately are limited but the figures improve when they are used together.}, keywords = {.}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Introduction The World Health Organization has developed a new classification of mental disorders in Primary Health Care (PHC), the ICD-11-PHC, in which there are changes in the diagnostic criteria of anxiety and depression disorder. In addition, 2 screening instruments have been developed for the detection of anxious and depressive symptoms according to the criteria of the new classification. Objectives To evaluate the capacity of the Spanish version of the 2 brief scales Dep5 and Anx5 to identify cases of depression and anxiety in PHC in Spain. Method A cross-sectional study conducted by 37 PHC physicians who selected 284 patients with suspected emotional distress. This sample was administered the screening scales (Anx5 and Dep5) and a diagnostic instrument (Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised) contemplating the new ICD-11 criteria as used as gold standard. Results The Anx5, using a cut-off point of 3, showed a sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.53. Using a cut-off point of 4, the Dep5 showed a sensitivity of 0.48 and a specificity of 0.8. The 2 scales together, with a cut-off point of 3 for each, classified correctly 73,57% as cases or non-cases. The diagnosis most frequently observed was anxious depression. Conclusions The screening scales for anxious and depressive symptoms (Anx5 and Dep5) are simple and easy-to-use instruments for assessing anxious and depressive symptoms in PHC. The reliability and validity data of each of the scales separately are limited but the figures improve when they are used together. |
Pitkänen, T; Levola, JM. ; de la Fuente, J; Cabello, M Identifying psychosocial difficulties of inpatients with substance use disorders: evaluation of the usefulness of the PARADISE24 for clinical practise Artículo de revista Journal Disability and Rehabilitation , 42 , pp. 130-136, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: . @article{Pitk\"{a}nen2020, title = {Identifying psychosocial difficulties of inpatients with substance use disorders: evaluation of the usefulness of the PARADISE24 for clinical practise}, author = {Pitk\"{a}nen, T. and Levola, JM. and de la Fuente, J. and Cabello, M. }, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09638288.2018.1493543 https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2018.1493543}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-02-01}, journal = {Journal Disability and Rehabilitation }, volume = {42}, pages = {130-136}, abstract = {Purpose: Improvements in overall functioning and well-being are important goals in the treatment of substance use disorders. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of the PARADISE24 instrument for studying the scope and severity of psychosocial difficulties by comparing the results with other measures in the context of substance use disorders. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included two independent inpatient samples. The first sample consisted of 80 interviews including the PARADISE24 and 10 other measures. The second sample consisted of the responses of 1082 inpatients to a self-administered PARADISE24 questionnaire. Results: Inpatients with substance use disorders had experienced a wide range of psychosocial difficulties and the two samples produced similar results. Highest scores were observed for emotional difficulties. The PARADISE24 showed convergent validity with measures of disability and depressive symptoms and discriminant validity with personality traits and environmental factors (i.e., social support and caretaker’s empathy). Psychosocial difficulties were inversely associated with quality of life and self-assessed health. Conclusion: The PARADISE24 provides a wide range of useful information on psychosocial difficulties for clinical work and it can be used as a self-administered questionnaire in the evaluation and treatment of substance use disorders. Implications for rehabilitation Individuals undergoing inpatient treatment for substance use disorders experience various and severe psychosocial difficulties. The PARADISE24 is an evidence-based instrument for assessing the scope and severity of 24 common psychosocial difficulties among neurological and psychiatric disorders. The PARADISE24 also offers a time-efficient method which can be used as a self-administered questionnaire in the context of substance use disorders. Comparison between the PARADISE24 and 10 commonly used measures showed that the PARADISE24 covered a wide variety of clinically relevant issues in one questionnaire.}, keywords = {.}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Purpose: Improvements in overall functioning and well-being are important goals in the treatment of substance use disorders. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of the PARADISE24 instrument for studying the scope and severity of psychosocial difficulties by comparing the results with other measures in the context of substance use disorders. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included two independent inpatient samples. The first sample consisted of 80 interviews including the PARADISE24 and 10 other measures. The second sample consisted of the responses of 1082 inpatients to a self-administered PARADISE24 questionnaire. Results: Inpatients with substance use disorders had experienced a wide range of psychosocial difficulties and the two samples produced similar results. Highest scores were observed for emotional difficulties. The PARADISE24 showed convergent validity with measures of disability and depressive symptoms and discriminant validity with personality traits and environmental factors (i.e., social support and caretaker’s empathy). Psychosocial difficulties were inversely associated with quality of life and self-assessed health. Conclusion: The PARADISE24 provides a wide range of useful information on psychosocial difficulties for clinical work and it can be used as a self-administered questionnaire in the evaluation and treatment of substance use disorders. Implications for rehabilitation Individuals undergoing inpatient treatment for substance use disorders experience various and severe psychosocial difficulties. The PARADISE24 is an evidence-based instrument for assessing the scope and severity of 24 common psychosocial difficulties among neurological and psychiatric disorders. The PARADISE24 also offers a time-efficient method which can be used as a self-administered questionnaire in the context of substance use disorders. Comparison between the PARADISE24 and 10 commonly used measures showed that the PARADISE24 covered a wide variety of clinically relevant issues in one questionnaire. |
Moreno-Agostino, D; de la Fuente, J; Leonardi, M; Koskinen, S; Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B; Sánchez-Niubò, A; Chatterji, S; Haro, J M; Ayuso-Mateos, J L; Miret, M Mediators of the socioeconomic status and life satisfaction relationship in older adults: a multi-country structural equation modeling approach Artículo de revista Aging & mental health, (9), pp. 1-8, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{D2020, title = {Mediators of the socioeconomic status and life satisfaction relationship in older adults: a multi-country structural equation modeling approach}, author = {Moreno-Agostino, D. and de la Fuente, J. and Leonardi, M. and Koskinen, S. and Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B. and S\'{a}nchez-Niub\`{o}, A. and Chatterji, S. and Haro, J.M. and Ayuso-Mateos, J.L. and Miret, M.}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2019.1698513}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2019.1698513}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-09}, journal = {Aging & mental health}, number = {9}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Objectives: Socioeconomic status (SES) relates to life satisfaction in old age, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Health and subjective social status have shown to be related to both SES and life satisfaction. This study aims to test the mediating role of health and subjective social status in old age, and to analyze if these potential mediations vary among three European countries with different socioeconomic characteristics and welfare regimes. Method: The sample comprised 7,272 participants aged 50+ from COURAGE in Europe study, a household survey carried out in 2011\textendash2012 on nationally representative samples from Finland, Poland, and Spain. A Multiple Indicators, Multiple Causes approach based on multi-group Structural Equation Modeling was implemented to test mediating effects. Results: The structural invariance model showed an adequate fit (CFI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.061). Health and subjective social status invariantly mediated the relationship between SES and life satisfaction across countries with different socioeconomic characteristics and welfare regimes. SES direct effects explained 0.83\textendash0.85% of life satisfaction variance, whilst indirect effects explained 2.29\textendash2.36% of life satisfaction variance via health, 3.30\textendash3.42% via subjective social status, and 0.06% via both mediating variables. Conclusion: Policies aimed at increasing the SES of the older adults may entail multiple benefits, resulting in better subjective social status, health, and life satisfaction outcomes, thus fostering healthy aging of the population.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objectives: Socioeconomic status (SES) relates to life satisfaction in old age, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Health and subjective social status have shown to be related to both SES and life satisfaction. This study aims to test the mediating role of health and subjective social status in old age, and to analyze if these potential mediations vary among three European countries with different socioeconomic characteristics and welfare regimes. Method: The sample comprised 7,272 participants aged 50+ from COURAGE in Europe study, a household survey carried out in 2011–2012 on nationally representative samples from Finland, Poland, and Spain. A Multiple Indicators, Multiple Causes approach based on multi-group Structural Equation Modeling was implemented to test mediating effects. Results: The structural invariance model showed an adequate fit (CFI = 0.971, RMSEA = 0.061). Health and subjective social status invariantly mediated the relationship between SES and life satisfaction across countries with different socioeconomic characteristics and welfare regimes. SES direct effects explained 0.83–0.85% of life satisfaction variance, whilst indirect effects explained 2.29–2.36% of life satisfaction variance via health, 3.30–3.42% via subjective social status, and 0.06% via both mediating variables. Conclusion: Policies aimed at increasing the SES of the older adults may entail multiple benefits, resulting in better subjective social status, health, and life satisfaction outcomes, thus fostering healthy aging of the population. |
Esteban-Gonzalo, S; Esteban-Gonzalo, L; Cabanas-Sánchez, V; Miret, M; Veiga, OL The Investigation of Gender Differences in Subjective Wellbeing in Children and Adolescents: The UP&DOWN Study Artículo de revista International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (8), pp. 2732, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Esteban-Gonzalo2020, title = {The Investigation of Gender Differences in Subjective Wellbeing in Children and Adolescents: The UP&DOWN Study}, author = {Esteban-Gonzalo, S and Esteban-Gonzalo, L and Cabanas-S\'{a}nchez, V and Miret, M and Veiga, OL}, editor = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/8/2732}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082732}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {17}, number = {8}, pages = {2732}, abstract = {Objective: Based on a three-factor model of subjective wellbeing (evaluative, hedonic and eudemonic), the purpose of this study was to analyze gender differences in children and adolescents through three different subjective wellbeing indicators. Method: The sample comprised 1.407 children and adolescents from Cadiz and Madrid (Spain), in the framework of the UP&DOWN study. Life satisfaction was measured with the subjective happiness scale, positive and negative affect were measured with the positive and negative affect schedule, and purpose in life was assessed with the children’s hope scale. Results: Linear regression models indicate the existence of significant gender differences only in adolescents, with higher scores among girls in positive affect (p = 0.016) and negative affect (p < 0.001) but with lower scores in purpose in life (p = 0.024). Conclusions: These results highlight the role of gender as an important factor in explaining differences in subjective wellbeing. Additionally, results indicate that gender differences in subjective wellbeing are observed in adolescents, but not in children, suggesting that the gender gap in subjective wellbeing begins at the age of 12. Mental health practitioners should pay attention to these findings in order to implement screening methods and interventions focused on these needs. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: Based on a three-factor model of subjective wellbeing (evaluative, hedonic and eudemonic), the purpose of this study was to analyze gender differences in children and adolescents through three different subjective wellbeing indicators. Method: The sample comprised 1.407 children and adolescents from Cadiz and Madrid (Spain), in the framework of the UP&DOWN study. Life satisfaction was measured with the subjective happiness scale, positive and negative affect were measured with the positive and negative affect schedule, and purpose in life was assessed with the children’s hope scale. Results: Linear regression models indicate the existence of significant gender differences only in adolescents, with higher scores among girls in positive affect (p = 0.016) and negative affect (p < 0.001) but with lower scores in purpose in life (p = 0.024). Conclusions: These results highlight the role of gender as an important factor in explaining differences in subjective wellbeing. Additionally, results indicate that gender differences in subjective wellbeing are observed in adolescents, but not in children, suggesting that the gender gap in subjective wellbeing begins at the age of 12. Mental health practitioners should pay attention to these findings in order to implement screening methods and interventions focused on these needs. |
Piłat, A; Gałaś, A; Wilga, M; Cabello, M; Koskinen, S; Haro, JM ; Leonardi, M; Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B Gender Perspective in the Analysis of the Relationship Between Health and Work Cessation, and How to Deal With It Artículo de revista International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 33 (3), pp. 365-384, 2020. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Pilat2020, title = {Gender Perspective in the Analysis of the Relationship Between Health and Work Cessation, and How to Deal With It}, author = {Pi\lat, A and Ga\la\'{s}, A and Wilga, M and Cabello, M and Koskinen, S and Haro, JM and Leonardi, M and Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B.}, editor = {Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine}, url = {http://ijomeh.eu/Gender-perspective-in-the-analysis-of-the-relationship-between-health-and-work-cessation,118439,0,2.html}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01351}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, journal = {International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health}, volume = {33}, number = {3}, pages = {365-384}, abstract = {Objectives: The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between health and an early exit from paid employment in the Finnish, Polish, and Spanish populations. The authors have addressed the following 3 issues: who chooses not to work according to gender patterns, whether the health status is a determinant of being non-employed, and what diseases are associated with being non-employed. Material and Methods: The studied material consists of data from the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe (COURAGE in Europe) project. The analysis was based on a sample of 5868 individuals, including 1214 from Finland, 2152 from Poland and 2532 from Spain. In the paper, these data were complemented with the results of the PArticipation To Healthy Workplaces And inclusive Strategies in the Work Sector (PATHWAYS) project. Results: The results of the study revealed that self-rated health was a strong predictor of being non-employed for different reasons. Chronic diseases, such as arthritis, angina, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression and hypertension, were typically associated with an increased risk of being non-employed due to health problems and early retirement. Women more frequently reported arthritis and depression, while a higher proportion of men suffered from angina and diabetes. Conclusions: The results obtained by the authors highlight the importance of evaluating gender patterns in work cessation and, at the same time, the importance of gender-focused actions in terms of preventing withdrawal from the labor market. In principle, all chronic diseases have some impact on participation in the labor market. It is worth noting, however, that each of them affects workforce participation in a different manner, depending on the specific disease, country and gender. For this reason, tailored support to every individual’s needs is highly recommended.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objectives: The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between health and an early exit from paid employment in the Finnish, Polish, and Spanish populations. The authors have addressed the following 3 issues: who chooses not to work according to gender patterns, whether the health status is a determinant of being non-employed, and what diseases are associated with being non-employed. Material and Methods: The studied material consists of data from the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe (COURAGE in Europe) project. The analysis was based on a sample of 5868 individuals, including 1214 from Finland, 2152 from Poland and 2532 from Spain. In the paper, these data were complemented with the results of the PArticipation To Healthy Workplaces And inclusive Strategies in the Work Sector (PATHWAYS) project. Results: The results of the study revealed that self-rated health was a strong predictor of being non-employed for different reasons. Chronic diseases, such as arthritis, angina, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression and hypertension, were typically associated with an increased risk of being non-employed due to health problems and early retirement. Women more frequently reported arthritis and depression, while a higher proportion of men suffered from angina and diabetes. Conclusions: The results obtained by the authors highlight the importance of evaluating gender patterns in work cessation and, at the same time, the importance of gender-focused actions in terms of preventing withdrawal from the labor market. In principle, all chronic diseases have some impact on participation in the labor market. It is worth noting, however, that each of them affects workforce participation in a different manner, depending on the specific disease, country and gender. For this reason, tailored support to every individual’s needs is highly recommended. |
2019 |
Domènech-Abella, J; Mundó, J; Leonardi, M; Chatterji, S; Tobiasz- Adamczyk, T; Koskinen, S; Ayuso-Mateos, J L; Maria Haro, J; Olaya, B Loneliness and depression among older European adults: the role of perceived neighborhood built environment (in press) Artículo de revista Health and Place, 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Dom\`{e}nech-Abella2019b, title = {Loneliness and depression among older European adults: the role of perceived neighborhood built environment (in press)}, author = {Dom\`{e}nech-Abella, J and Mund\'{o}, J and Leonardi, M and Chatterji, S and Tobiasz- Adamczyk, T and Koskinen, S and Ayuso-Mateos, J L and Maria Haro, J and Olaya, B. }, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353829219301108?via%3Dihub}, doi = {10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102280}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-28}, journal = {Health and Place}, abstract = {Depression and loneliness act in a synergistic way among older adults. We tested two indicators of the perceived neighborhood built environment (BE) as moderators of the association between these conditions in older European adults. Positive perceptions of neighborhood BE were related to lower levels of loneliness but not to major depressive disorder (MDD). Reporting low BE usability was significantly related to a higher likelihood of feeling lonely except for those suffering from MDD, whereas reporting low BE walkability was significantly related with a high likelihood of loneliness particularly among those with MDD. Therefore, improving neighborhood BE and, specifically, its walkability, might result in a reduction in the prevalence of loneliness.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Depression and loneliness act in a synergistic way among older adults. We tested two indicators of the perceived neighborhood built environment (BE) as moderators of the association between these conditions in older European adults. Positive perceptions of neighborhood BE were related to lower levels of loneliness but not to major depressive disorder (MDD). Reporting low BE usability was significantly related to a higher likelihood of feeling lonely except for those suffering from MDD, whereas reporting low BE walkability was significantly related with a high likelihood of loneliness particularly among those with MDD. Therefore, improving neighborhood BE and, specifically, its walkability, might result in a reduction in the prevalence of loneliness. |
De la Torre-Luque, A; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Sánchez-Carro, Y; de la Fuente, J; López-García, P Inflammatory and metabolic disturbances are associated with more severe trajectories of late-life depression Artículo de revista Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{laTorre-Luque2019d, title = {Inflammatory and metabolic disturbances are associated with more severe trajectories of late-life depression }, author = {De la Torre-Luque, A and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and S\'{a}nchez-Carro, Y and de la Fuente, J and L\'{o}pez-Garc\'{i}a, P}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104443}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-01}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, abstract = {Abstract Late-life depression is a highly prevalent mental health condition with devastating consequences even from its earliest stages. Alterations in physiological functions, such as inflammatory and metabolic, have been described in patients with depression. However, little is known on the association between depression symptom course and metabolic and inflammation dysregulation. This study aimed to depict the course of depression symptoms while ageing, taking into consideration inter-individual heterogeneity. Moreover, it intended to study the associations between inflammatory and metabolic risk profiles and symptom trajectories. To do so, data from 13,203 adults aged 50-90 years (52.75% women; mean age at baseline = 65.07, SD = 10.00) were used. Blood sample and blood pressure measures were taken from 1,536 participants (56.58% women; mean age at baseline = 61.73 years, sd = 7.64). Depression symptoms were assessed every two years across a 10-year follow-up. Trajectories were identified by means of latent class mixed modelling. Inflammation and metabolic risk profile scores were obtained from plasma and diagnostic-based indicators in the follow-up, using a robust latent-factor approach. Multigroup modelling was used to study the associations between the profiles and symptom trajectories. As a result, three heterogeneous trajectories of symptoms were identified (low-symptom, moderate-symptom and high-symptom trajectory). Participants depicting a high-symptom trajectory showed the greatest inflammation profile score and high metabolic risk. Moderate-symptom trajectory was also related to high inflammation and metabolic risk. To sum up, at-risk trajectories of symptoms were associated with high inflammation and risk of metabolic diseases. This study provides valuable evidence to advance personalised medicine and mental health precision, considering person-specific profiles and physiological concomitants.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Late-life depression is a highly prevalent mental health condition with devastating consequences even from its earliest stages. Alterations in physiological functions, such as inflammatory and metabolic, have been described in patients with depression. However, little is known on the association between depression symptom course and metabolic and inflammation dysregulation. This study aimed to depict the course of depression symptoms while ageing, taking into consideration inter-individual heterogeneity. Moreover, it intended to study the associations between inflammatory and metabolic risk profiles and symptom trajectories. To do so, data from 13,203 adults aged 50-90 years (52.75% women; mean age at baseline = 65.07, SD = 10.00) were used. Blood sample and blood pressure measures were taken from 1,536 participants (56.58% women; mean age at baseline = 61.73 years, sd = 7.64). Depression symptoms were assessed every two years across a 10-year follow-up. Trajectories were identified by means of latent class mixed modelling. Inflammation and metabolic risk profile scores were obtained from plasma and diagnostic-based indicators in the follow-up, using a robust latent-factor approach. Multigroup modelling was used to study the associations between the profiles and symptom trajectories. As a result, three heterogeneous trajectories of symptoms were identified (low-symptom, moderate-symptom and high-symptom trajectory). Participants depicting a high-symptom trajectory showed the greatest inflammation profile score and high metabolic risk. Moderate-symptom trajectory was also related to high inflammation and metabolic risk. To sum up, at-risk trajectories of symptoms were associated with high inflammation and risk of metabolic diseases. This study provides valuable evidence to advance personalised medicine and mental health precision, considering person-specific profiles and physiological concomitants. |
de la Torre-Luque, A; Fiol-Veny, A; Essau, C; Balle, M; X, Bornas Effects of a transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy-based programme on the natural course of anxiety symptoms in adolescence Artículo de revista Journal of affective disorders, 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: . @article{delaTorre-Luque2019d, title = {Effects of a transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy-based programme on the natural course of anxiety symptoms in adolescence}, author = {de la Torre-Luque, A and Fiol-Veny, A and Essau, C and Balle, M and Bornas X}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032719309851}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.078}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-14}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, abstract = {Background Anxiety disorders frequently have an onset during adolescence, which when left untreated could lead to a chronic course and outcome. This study aimed to examine the way in which a cognitive behaviour therapy-based programme (Super Skills for Life \textendash adolescent version; SSL-A) could change the course of anxiety symptoms through adolescent's behavioural performance and cardiac function. Method Sixty-one adolescents at risk of developing an anxiety disorder (45.30% boys; M = 13.76 years, SD = 0.32) were randomly assigned to either the intervention (IG), placebo (PG), or waitlist group (WG). Adolescents in the IG participated in SSL-A over an 8-week period. Adolescents in the PG participated in an 8-session school-work programme. Adolescents in the WG did not receive any intervention. Anxiety symptoms were assessed every six months, twice before intervention, as well as at post- and six months after the intervention. Participants in the IG additionally underwent a stressful task to assess behavioural performance and cardiac adjustment. Results Adolescents in the IG significantly reported lower levels of social phobia and generalised anxiety symptoms at the follow-up assessment compared to the adolescents in the PG and the WG. They also showed a significant improvement in vocal quality and lower discomfort during a stressful task at post-intervention, and showed attenuated cardiac recovery indexes, in terms of sample entropy. Limitations The study has a small sample size. Conclusion SSL-A changed natural course of anxiety symptoms, as shown by a significant reduction in social phobia and generalised anxiety symptoms, and a significant improvement in behaviour and physiological (cardiac) function during a stressful}, keywords = {.}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Anxiety disorders frequently have an onset during adolescence, which when left untreated could lead to a chronic course and outcome. This study aimed to examine the way in which a cognitive behaviour therapy-based programme (Super Skills for Life – adolescent version; SSL-A) could change the course of anxiety symptoms through adolescent's behavioural performance and cardiac function. Method Sixty-one adolescents at risk of developing an anxiety disorder (45.30% boys; M = 13.76 years, SD = 0.32) were randomly assigned to either the intervention (IG), placebo (PG), or waitlist group (WG). Adolescents in the IG participated in SSL-A over an 8-week period. Adolescents in the PG participated in an 8-session school-work programme. Adolescents in the WG did not receive any intervention. Anxiety symptoms were assessed every six months, twice before intervention, as well as at post- and six months after the intervention. Participants in the IG additionally underwent a stressful task to assess behavioural performance and cardiac adjustment. Results Adolescents in the IG significantly reported lower levels of social phobia and generalised anxiety symptoms at the follow-up assessment compared to the adolescents in the PG and the WG. They also showed a significant improvement in vocal quality and lower discomfort during a stressful task at post-intervention, and showed attenuated cardiac recovery indexes, in terms of sample entropy. Limitations The study has a small sample size. Conclusion SSL-A changed natural course of anxiety symptoms, as shown by a significant reduction in social phobia and generalised anxiety symptoms, and a significant improvement in behaviour and physiological (cardiac) function during a stressful |
Prina, M; Panagiotakos, D; Prince, M; Bobak, M; Sanderson, W; Scherbov, S; Ayuso-Mateos, J L; J, Maria Haro An Introduction to the ATHLOS project: Ageing trajectories of health. Longitudinal opportunities and synergies Artículo de revista Innovation in Aging, 3 , 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Prina2019, title = {An Introduction to the ATHLOS project: Ageing trajectories of health. Longitudinal opportunities and synergies}, author = {Prina, M and Panagiotakos, D and Prince, M and Bobak, M and Sanderson, W and Scherbov, S and Ayuso-Mateos, J.L and Maria Haro J}, editor = {Oxford University Press}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/innovateage/article/3/Supplement_1/S798/5617624}, doi = {10.1093/geroni/igz038.2937}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-08}, journal = {Innovation in Aging}, volume = {3}, abstract = {Older adults differ widely both in the care they require and who they rely upon for care. We use data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011; N=3,265; MAge [SD] = 77 [7.74] years, 62% women) to classify community-living older adults based on their care needs and the various informal and formal providers of care. We also examine the type of care they receive, predictors of this care, and its implications on their health. Older adults with a co-residing caregiver were more likely to report that their needs were not being met (OR = 1.67; 95% CI=1.15\textendash2.42), compared to those who received informal care and paid support. Moreover, older adults who needed help with self-care activities, but received help with household activities were more likely to report unmet needs (OR = 1.55; 95% CI=1.13\textendash2.12). Results are discussed in light of sociodemographic factors differences and mismatched support.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Older adults differ widely both in the care they require and who they rely upon for care. We use data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011; N=3,265; MAge [SD] = 77 [7.74] years, 62% women) to classify community-living older adults based on their care needs and the various informal and formal providers of care. We also examine the type of care they receive, predictors of this care, and its implications on their health. Older adults with a co-residing caregiver were more likely to report that their needs were not being met (OR = 1.67; 95% CI=1.15–2.42), compared to those who received informal care and paid support. Moreover, older adults who needed help with self-care activities, but received help with household activities were more likely to report unmet needs (OR = 1.55; 95% CI=1.13–2.12). Results are discussed in light of sociodemographic factors differences and mismatched support. |
Robles, R; Lopez-Garcia, P; Miret, M; Cabello, M; Cisneros, E; Rizo, A; Ayuso-Mateos, J L; M.L., Medina-Mora WHO-mhGAP training in Mexico: Increasing knowledge and readiness for the identification and management of depression and suicide risk in primary care (accepted) Artículo de revista Archives of Medical Research, 50 (8), pp. 558-66, 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Robles2019b, title = {WHO-mhGAP training in Mexico: Increasing knowledge and readiness for the identification and management of depression and suicide risk in primary care (accepted)}, author = {Robles, R and Lopez-Garcia, P and Miret, M and Cabello, M and Cisneros, E and Rizo, A and Ayuso-Mateos, J.L and Medina-Mora M.L.}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0188440919304680}, doi = {doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.008. }, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-01}, journal = {Archives of Medical Research}, volume = {50}, number = {8}, pages = {558-66}, abstract = {Backgound In order to reduce the treatment gap of mental disorders, the World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed the mhGAP guidelines to be implemented globally. Aim of the study To examine the effectivity of a training course based on the WHO-mhGAP guidelines to increase knowledge and readiness for identification and management of depression and suicide risk in primary care (PC) in Mexico. Methods PC clinicians were invited to participate in a traning course; before and after it, all completed an evaluation of knowledge of mhGAP and depression (0-10 points), and self-efficacy in suicide risk management (0\textendash40 points), and were classified according to Prochaska and Diclemente transtheorical model in their particular stage of readiness for identification and management of these conditions. Results The sample included 60 health professionals. Before training, clinicians had adequate knowledge of depression and its treatment (8.1 ± 1.66), but not on the mhGAP model and/or suicide risk management, which increased by the end of training (mhGAPpre:7.91 ± 2.19 vs. mhGAPpost:8.77 ± 1.34, p = 0.01; SuicidePRE:29.16 ± 9.35 vs. SuicidePOST:39.24 ± 6.83, p = 0.0001). Before training, most clinicians were at the contemplation stage (42.6% vs. 37.7% at the action and 19.7% at the precontemplation stage). By the end of the training, a decrease in the number of clinicians at both the contemplation and precontemplation stages (to 36.1% and to zero, respectively) and a significant increase of clinicians at the action stage (to 63.9%) was observed. Conclusions: A training course based on the WHO-mhGAP could be an effective tool for increasing PC clinicians’ willingness to implement mental health services.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Backgound In order to reduce the treatment gap of mental disorders, the World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed the mhGAP guidelines to be implemented globally. Aim of the study To examine the effectivity of a training course based on the WHO-mhGAP guidelines to increase knowledge and readiness for identification and management of depression and suicide risk in primary care (PC) in Mexico. Methods PC clinicians were invited to participate in a traning course; before and after it, all completed an evaluation of knowledge of mhGAP and depression (0-10 points), and self-efficacy in suicide risk management (0–40 points), and were classified according to Prochaska and Diclemente transtheorical model in their particular stage of readiness for identification and management of these conditions. Results The sample included 60 health professionals. Before training, clinicians had adequate knowledge of depression and its treatment (8.1 ± 1.66), but not on the mhGAP model and/or suicide risk management, which increased by the end of training (mhGAPpre:7.91 ± 2.19 vs. mhGAPpost:8.77 ± 1.34, p = 0.01; SuicidePRE:29.16 ± 9.35 vs. SuicidePOST:39.24 ± 6.83, p = 0.0001). Before training, most clinicians were at the contemplation stage (42.6% vs. 37.7% at the action and 19.7% at the precontemplation stage). By the end of the training, a decrease in the number of clinicians at both the contemplation and precontemplation stages (to 36.1% and to zero, respectively) and a significant increase of clinicians at the action stage (to 63.9%) was observed. Conclusions: A training course based on the WHO-mhGAP could be an effective tool for increasing PC clinicians’ willingness to implement mental health services. |
Mayoral‐van Son, J; Juncal‐Ruiz, M; Ortiz‐García de la Foz, V; Cantarero‐Prieto, D; Blázquez‐Fernández, C; Paz‐Zulueta, M; Paras‐Bravo, P; Ayuso‐Mateos, J L; Crespo‐Facorro, B Understanding the direct and indirect costs of a first episode of psychosis program: Insights from PAFIP of Cantabria, Spain, during the first year of intervention Artículo de revista Early intervention in psychiatry, 13 (5), 2019. @article{Son2019, title = {Understanding the direct and indirect costs of a first episode of psychosis program: Insights from PAFIP of Cantabria, Spain, during the first year of intervention}, author = {Mayoral‐van Son, J and Juncal‐Ruiz, M and Ortiz‐Garc\'{i}a de la Foz, V and Cantarero‐Prieto, D and Bl\'{a}zquez‐Fern\'{a}ndez, C and Paz‐Zulueta, M and Paras‐Bravo, P and Ayuso‐Mateos, J.L and Crespo‐Facorro, B}, editor = {Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/eip.12752}, doi = {10.1111/eip.12752}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-30}, journal = {Early intervention in psychiatry}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
de la Torre-Luque, A; Balle, M; Fiol-Veny, A; Bornas, X; Sesé, A Assessing adolescents' internalizing symptoms using virtual social networks: A format equivalence study of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Artículo de revista Behavioral Psychology, 27 (1), 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{delaTorre-Luque2019c, title = {Assessing adolescents' internalizing symptoms using virtual social networks: A format equivalence study of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale.}, author = {de la Torre-Luque, A and Balle, M and Fiol-Veny, A and Bornas, X and Ses\'{e}, A.}, url = {https://www.behavioralpsycho.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/01.de-la-Torre_27-1rEn.pdf}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-30}, journal = {Behavioral Psychology}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, abstract = {The widespread use of virtual social networks (VSN) by adolescents makes it possible to conduct psychological assessments or health promotion using these platforms. However, psychometric properties of them should be validated. This study aimed to test the feasibility of administering the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) over a secure social network, while preserving its original psychometric properties. To do so, a sample of 703 adolescents (M= 13.86 years, SD= .49) completed the questionnaire either over a social network or using paper and pencil. We tested a two-way format equivalence: quantitative equivalence (comparing score distributions across versions); and qualitative or conceptual equivalence (comparing the between-factor correlations between versions and measurement invariance). As a result, no difference was found between the score distributions of the two versions and between-factor intercorrelations with similar patterns in both versions. Finally, both methods for administering the RCADS showed an adequate fit with their theoretical latent structure, thus preserving format equivalence. To sum up, VSN may, therefore, constitute appropriate contexts for conducting psychological assessment and research among adolescents.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The widespread use of virtual social networks (VSN) by adolescents makes it possible to conduct psychological assessments or health promotion using these platforms. However, psychometric properties of them should be validated. This study aimed to test the feasibility of administering the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) over a secure social network, while preserving its original psychometric properties. To do so, a sample of 703 adolescents (M= 13.86 years, SD= .49) completed the questionnaire either over a social network or using paper and pencil. We tested a two-way format equivalence: quantitative equivalence (comparing score distributions across versions); and qualitative or conceptual equivalence (comparing the between-factor correlations between versions and measurement invariance). As a result, no difference was found between the score distributions of the two versions and between-factor intercorrelations with similar patterns in both versions. Finally, both methods for administering the RCADS showed an adequate fit with their theoretical latent structure, thus preserving format equivalence. To sum up, VSN may, therefore, constitute appropriate contexts for conducting psychological assessment and research among adolescents. |
de la Torre-Luque, A; Fiol-Veny, A; Balle, M; Nelemans, S A; Bornas, X Anxiety in Early Adolescence: Heterogeneous Developmental Trajectories, Associations with Risk Factors and Depressive Symptoms Artículo de revista Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{delaTorre-Luque2019b, title = {Anxiety in Early Adolescence: Heterogeneous Developmental Trajectories, Associations with Risk Factors and Depressive Symptoms}, author = {de la Torre-Luque, A and Fiol-Veny, A and Balle, M and Nelemans, S. A and Bornas, X.}, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31630311}, doi = {10.1007/s10578-019-00936-y}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-19}, journal = {Child Psychiatry Hum Dev}, abstract = {This study aimed: (1) to identify heterogeneous trajectories of anxiety symptoms in early adolescence; (2) to analyze the relationships between risk factors and identified trajectories; (3) to study the association between anxiety symptom trajectories and depression symptom course. Anxiety and depressive symptoms of 825 participants (44.40% boys; mean initial age = 13.01, SD = 0.56) was assessed every 6 months over an 18-month period. Trajectory identification relied on latent-variable approach. As a result, 2-4 trajectories were identified for social phobia (SP), generalized anxiety (GA) and panic symptoms, revealing at least a low-symptom course and a trajectory of elevated symptoms (at-risk trajectory). Being girl and sibling cohabitation were related to at-risk trajectories, and a course of low effortful control and heightened negative affectivity. Finally, SP and GA symptoms were related to heightened depressive symptom courses. Relevant implications towards tailored prevention and intervention are highlighted to promote a healthy development across adolescence.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aimed: (1) to identify heterogeneous trajectories of anxiety symptoms in early adolescence; (2) to analyze the relationships between risk factors and identified trajectories; (3) to study the association between anxiety symptom trajectories and depression symptom course. Anxiety and depressive symptoms of 825 participants (44.40% boys; mean initial age = 13.01, SD = 0.56) was assessed every 6 months over an 18-month period. Trajectory identification relied on latent-variable approach. As a result, 2-4 trajectories were identified for social phobia (SP), generalized anxiety (GA) and panic symptoms, revealing at least a low-symptom course and a trajectory of elevated symptoms (at-risk trajectory). Being girl and sibling cohabitation were related to at-risk trajectories, and a course of low effortful control and heightened negative affectivity. Finally, SP and GA symptoms were related to heightened depressive symptom courses. Relevant implications towards tailored prevention and intervention are highlighted to promote a healthy development across adolescence. |
Domènech-Abella, J; Mundó, J; Miret, M; Ayuso-Mateos, J L; Sánchez-Niubò, A; Abduljabbar, A S; Maria Haro, J; Olaya, B From childhood financial hardship to late-life depression: socioeconomic pathways Artículo de revista Aging & mental health, pp. 1-8, 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Dom\`{e}nech-Abella2019, title = {From childhood financial hardship to late-life depression: socioeconomic pathways}, author = {Dom\`{e}nech-Abella, J and Mund\'{o}, J and Miret, M and Ayuso-Mateos, J.L and S\'{a}nchez-Niub\`{o}, A and Abduljabbar, A.S and Maria Haro, J and Olaya, B}, editor = {Routledge}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2019.1671313}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2019.1671313}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-09}, journal = {Aging & mental health}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {Objective: Childhood financial hardship is associated with depression throughout the life course, including older adulthood. However, it is still unclear the extent to which occupation, education level and household income are mediators of this association. We aimed to examine the association between childhood financial hardship and late-life depression, and potential socioeconomic mediators using community-based data. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 3623 non-institutionalized older Spanish adults aged 50+ was used. The associations between childhood financial hardship and depression, socioeconomic mediator variables and confounding variables such as chronic physical conditions, number of close people, and loneliness, were assessed through logistic regression models. Mediation analyses of socioeconomic variables were carried out. Results: Older Spanish adults who experienced a poor childhood financial situation were nine times more likely to obtain a lower level of education than those with a good childhood financial situation, and about three times more likely to suffer from depression. Participants’ education level mediated about 35\textendash40% of the association between childhood financial hardship and late-life depression whereas we found no significant mediation effect of household income and occupation skill. Conclusion: Improving access to the educational system during the life course might result in a reduction in the prevalence of depression in the general population of older adults and particularly among individuals with low socioeconomic status.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objective: Childhood financial hardship is associated with depression throughout the life course, including older adulthood. However, it is still unclear the extent to which occupation, education level and household income are mediators of this association. We aimed to examine the association between childhood financial hardship and late-life depression, and potential socioeconomic mediators using community-based data. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 3623 non-institutionalized older Spanish adults aged 50+ was used. The associations between childhood financial hardship and depression, socioeconomic mediator variables and confounding variables such as chronic physical conditions, number of close people, and loneliness, were assessed through logistic regression models. Mediation analyses of socioeconomic variables were carried out. Results: Older Spanish adults who experienced a poor childhood financial situation were nine times more likely to obtain a lower level of education than those with a good childhood financial situation, and about three times more likely to suffer from depression. Participants’ education level mediated about 35–40% of the association between childhood financial hardship and late-life depression whereas we found no significant mediation effect of household income and occupation skill. Conclusion: Improving access to the educational system during the life course might result in a reduction in the prevalence of depression in the general population of older adults and particularly among individuals with low socioeconomic status. |
Lopez-Garcia, P; Ashby, S; Patel, P; Pierce, K M; Meyer, M; Rosenthal A Titone, M; Carter, C; Niendam, T Clinical and neurodevelopmental correlates of aggression in early psychosis. Artículo de revista Schizophr Res, (212), pp. 171-176, 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Lopez-Garcia2019, title = {Clinical and neurodevelopmental correlates of aggression in early psychosis.}, author = {Lopez-Garcia, P and Ashby, S and Patel, P and Pierce, K. M and Meyer, M and Rosenthal, A Titone, M and Carter, C and Niendam, T. }, url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31387826}, doi = {10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.045}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-10-01}, journal = {Schizophr Res}, number = {212}, pages = {171-176}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although mental illness accounts for only 4% of aggressive behavior in the general population, there remains a modest association between aggressive behavior and psychotic disorders, particularly in the early stages of the illness. However, little is known about the specific factors associated to this increased risk. AIMS: The present study aims to assess the rates, characteristics and risk factors of aggressive behavior in first episode psychosis patients (FEP). METHOD: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 449 FEP patients recruited from an outpatient early psychosis clinic. Aggressive behavior and clinical information were rated based upon information gathered from the chart review of data collected at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Rates of aggressive behavior were 54.3% in FEP patients. Aggressive behavior was significantly associated with higher rates of history of birth complications, neurodevelopmental delays, learning difficulties, alcohol use disorders, and the clinical domain of poverty symptoms. In addition to aggressive behavior, 16.7% of FEP patients exhibited suicidal ideation or behaviors and 11.4% exhibited non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSIB). In contrast to baseline, aggressive behaviors at 6 months follow up were almost entirely absent. CONCLUSIONS: Patients at early stages of psychosis have high rates of aggressive and suicidal behavior prior to contact with clinical services. Neurodevelopmental adversities, alcohol use disorders and poverty symptoms are associated to higher risk of aggression in early psychosis. Participation in early psychosis specialty care resulted in a dramatic reduction in aggressive behavior.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: Although mental illness accounts for only 4% of aggressive behavior in the general population, there remains a modest association between aggressive behavior and psychotic disorders, particularly in the early stages of the illness. However, little is known about the specific factors associated to this increased risk. AIMS: The present study aims to assess the rates, characteristics and risk factors of aggressive behavior in first episode psychosis patients (FEP). METHOD: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 449 FEP patients recruited from an outpatient early psychosis clinic. Aggressive behavior and clinical information were rated based upon information gathered from the chart review of data collected at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Rates of aggressive behavior were 54.3% in FEP patients. Aggressive behavior was significantly associated with higher rates of history of birth complications, neurodevelopmental delays, learning difficulties, alcohol use disorders, and the clinical domain of poverty symptoms. In addition to aggressive behavior, 16.7% of FEP patients exhibited suicidal ideation or behaviors and 11.4% exhibited non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSIB). In contrast to baseline, aggressive behaviors at 6 months follow up were almost entirely absent. CONCLUSIONS: Patients at early stages of psychosis have high rates of aggressive and suicidal behavior prior to contact with clinical services. Neurodevelopmental adversities, alcohol use disorders and poverty symptoms are associated to higher risk of aggression in early psychosis. Participation in early psychosis specialty care resulted in a dramatic reduction in aggressive behavior. |
de la Torre‐Luque, A; de la Fuente, J; Sanchez‐Niubo, A; Caballero, F F; Prina, M; Muniz‐Terrera, G; Haro, J M; Ayuso‐Mateos, J L Stability of clinically relevant depression symptoms in old‐age across 11 cohorts: a multi‐state study Artículo de revista Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{delaTorre‐Luque2019, title = {Stability of clinically relevant depression symptoms in old‐age across 11 cohorts: a multi‐state study}, author = {de la Torre‐Luque, A and de la Fuente, J and Sanchez‐Niubo, A and Caballero, F.F and Prina, M and Muniz‐Terrera, G and Haro, J.M and Ayuso‐Mateos, J.L}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/acps.13107}, doi = {10.1111/acps.13107}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-09-30}, journal = {Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica}, abstract = {Aims To study the temporal dynamics of depression symptom episodes in old‐age and the related influence of risk factors. Methods Data from 41 362 old adults (54.61% women; mean age = 75.30, SD = 6.20) from the Ageing Trajectories of Health \textendash Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project were used. Depressive symptoms were followed over an 18‐year period. A multi‐state model, comprising three statuses (no depression, new clinically relevant episode of symptoms and episode persistence), was fitted. Multinomial regression was used to study the role of risk factors in status transition. Results Almost 85% of participants showed no depression, but prevalence became lower over time (B = −0.25, P < 0.001). New episode point prevalence was over 5.30% with a significant probability of moving to persistence status (transition probability = 0.27). Episode persistence became evident in 9.86% of episode status transitions, with increasing rate over time (B = 0.54, P < 0.01). Loneliness was proven to be the strongest predictor of episode emergence (OR = 17.76) and persistence (OR = 5.93). Conclusions The course of depression tends to become chronic and unremitting in old‐age. This study may help to plan interventions to tackle symptom escalation and risk factor influence.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Aims To study the temporal dynamics of depression symptom episodes in old‐age and the related influence of risk factors. Methods Data from 41 362 old adults (54.61% women; mean age = 75.30, SD = 6.20) from the Ageing Trajectories of Health – Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project were used. Depressive symptoms were followed over an 18‐year period. A multi‐state model, comprising three statuses (no depression, new clinically relevant episode of symptoms and episode persistence), was fitted. Multinomial regression was used to study the role of risk factors in status transition. Results Almost 85% of participants showed no depression, but prevalence became lower over time (B = −0.25, P < 0.001). New episode point prevalence was over 5.30% with a significant probability of moving to persistence status (transition probability = 0.27). Episode persistence became evident in 9.86% of episode status transitions, with increasing rate over time (B = 0.54, P < 0.01). Loneliness was proven to be the strongest predictor of episode emergence (OR = 17.76) and persistence (OR = 5.93). Conclusions The course of depression tends to become chronic and unremitting in old‐age. This study may help to plan interventions to tackle symptom escalation and risk factor influence. |
Vancampfort, D; Lara, E; Smith, L; Rosenbaum, S; Firth, J; Stubbs, B; Hallgren, M; Koyanagi, A Physical activity and loneliness among adults aged 50 years or older in six low‐ and middle‐income countries Artículo de revista Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Vancampfort2019b, title = {Physical activity and loneliness among adults aged 50 years or older in six low‐ and middle‐income countries}, author = {Vancampfort, D and Lara, E and Smith, L and Rosenbaum, S and Firth, J and Stubbs, B and Hallgren, M and Koyanagi, A.}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/gps.5202}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-21}, journal = { Int J Geriatr Psychiatry}, abstract = {Introduction Loneliness is widespread and associated with deleterious outcomes in middle‐aged and older age people in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Physical activity is one potential psychosocial strategy with the potential to reduce loneliness in this population. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore associations between physical activity (PA) and loneliness in middle‐aged and older people from six LMICs. Materials and methods Data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analyzed. Self‐reported data on loneliness and PA (as assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) were collected. Participants were dichotomized into those who do and do not meet the international recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week. Associations between loneliness and PA were examined using logistic regressions. Results Among 34 129 individuals aged 50 years or older, the prevalence of loneliness was higher among those not meeting the PA guidelines in all countries, although this difference was not significant in Mexico and South Africa. After full adjustment, not meeting PA guidelines was positively associated with loneliness in the meta‐analysis based on country‐wise estimates, with a moderate level of between‐country heterogeneity being observed (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.61; I2 = 48.7%). At an individual country level, statistical significance was only reached in Ghana (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.44‐2.49). Discussion Our data suggest that physical inactivity and loneliness commonly co‐occur in adults aged 50 years or older in LMICs overall but that this association differs by country. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and investigate potential mechanisms that may inform future interventions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Introduction Loneliness is widespread and associated with deleterious outcomes in middle‐aged and older age people in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Physical activity is one potential psychosocial strategy with the potential to reduce loneliness in this population. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore associations between physical activity (PA) and loneliness in middle‐aged and older people from six LMICs. Materials and methods Data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) were analyzed. Self‐reported data on loneliness and PA (as assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) were collected. Participants were dichotomized into those who do and do not meet the international recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week. Associations between loneliness and PA were examined using logistic regressions. Results Among 34 129 individuals aged 50 years or older, the prevalence of loneliness was higher among those not meeting the PA guidelines in all countries, although this difference was not significant in Mexico and South Africa. After full adjustment, not meeting PA guidelines was positively associated with loneliness in the meta‐analysis based on country‐wise estimates, with a moderate level of between‐country heterogeneity being observed (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.61; I2 = 48.7%). At an individual country level, statistical significance was only reached in Ghana (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.44‐2.49). Discussion Our data suggest that physical inactivity and loneliness commonly co‐occur in adults aged 50 years or older in LMICs overall but that this association differs by country. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and investigate potential mechanisms that may inform future interventions. |
Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Miret, M; Lopez-Garcia, P; Alem, A; Chisholm, D; Gureje, O; Hanlon, C; Jordans, M; Kigozi F Lund, C; Petersen, I; Semrau, M; Shidhaye, R; Thornicroft, G Effective methods for knowledge transfer to strengthen mental health systems in low-and middle-income countries Artículo de revista BJPsych Open, 5 (5), 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Ayuso-Mateos2019, title = {Effective methods for knowledge transfer to strengthen mental health systems in low-and middle-income countries}, author = {Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Miret, M and Lopez-Garcia, P and Alem, A and Chisholm, D and Gureje, O and Hanlon, C and Jordans, M and Kigozi, F Lund, C and Petersen, I and Semrau, M and Shidhaye, R and Thornicroft, G}, editor = {Cambridge University Press }, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-open/article/effective-methods-for-knowledge-transfer-to-strengthen-mental-health-systems-in-low-and-middleincome-countries/D43AB95CB78FC91CB39E5D9845B355F1}, doi = {10.1192/bjo.2019.50}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-06}, journal = {BJPsych Open}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Emerald project's focus is on how to strengthen mental health systems in six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda). This was done by generating evidence and capacity to enhance health system performance in delivering mental healthcare.A common problem in scaling-up interventions and strengthening mental health programmes in LMICs is how to transfer research evidence, such as the data collected in the Emerald project, into practice. AIMS: To describe how core elements of Emerald were implemented and aligned with the ultimate goal of strengthening mental health systems, as well as their short-term impact on practices, policies and programmes in the six partner countries. METHOD: We focused on the involvement of policy planners, managers, patients and carers. RESULTS: Over 5 years of collaboration, the Emerald consortium has provided evidence and tools for the improvement of mental healthcare in the six LMICs involved in the project. We found that the knowledge transfer efforts had an impact on mental health service delivery and policy planning at the sites and countries involved in the project. CONCLUSIONS: This approach may be valid beyond the mental health context, and may be effective for any initiative that aims at implementing evidence-based health policies for health system strengthening.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } BACKGROUND: The Emerald project's focus is on how to strengthen mental health systems in six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda). This was done by generating evidence and capacity to enhance health system performance in delivering mental healthcare.A common problem in scaling-up interventions and strengthening mental health programmes in LMICs is how to transfer research evidence, such as the data collected in the Emerald project, into practice. AIMS: To describe how core elements of Emerald were implemented and aligned with the ultimate goal of strengthening mental health systems, as well as their short-term impact on practices, policies and programmes in the six partner countries. METHOD: We focused on the involvement of policy planners, managers, patients and carers. RESULTS: Over 5 years of collaboration, the Emerald consortium has provided evidence and tools for the improvement of mental healthcare in the six LMICs involved in the project. We found that the knowledge transfer efforts had an impact on mental health service delivery and policy planning at the sites and countries involved in the project. CONCLUSIONS: This approach may be valid beyond the mental health context, and may be effective for any initiative that aims at implementing evidence-based health policies for health system strengthening. |
Evans-Lacko, S; Hanlon, C; Alem, A; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Chisholm, D; Gureje, O; Jordans, M; Kigozi, F; Lempp, H; Lund, C; Petersen, I; Shidhaye, R; Thornicroft, G; Semrau, M BJPsych Open, 5 (5), 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Evans-Lacko2019b, title = {Evaluation of capacity-building strategies for mental health system strengthening in low- and middle-income countries for service users and caregivers, policymakers and planners, and researchers}, author = {Evans-Lacko, S and Hanlon, C and Alem, A and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Chisholm, D and Gureje, O and Jordans, M and Kigozi, F and Lempp, H and Lund, C and Petersen, I and Shidhaye, R and Thornicroft, G and Semrau, M}, editor = {Cambridge University Press}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-open/article/evaluation-of-capacitybuilding-strategies-for-mental-health-system-strengthening-in-low-and-middleincome-countries-for-service-users-and-caregivers-policymakers-and-planners-and-researchers/9F2531CD5AA2F4BA16B3B5274229C5EC}, doi = {10.1192/bjo.2019.14}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-06}, journal = {BJPsych Open}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, abstract = {Background Strengthening of mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires the involvement of appropriately skilled and committed individuals from a range of stakeholder groups. Currently, few evidence-based capacity-building activities and materials are available to enable and sustain comprehensive improvements. Aims Within the Emerald project, the goal of this study was to evaluate capacity-building activities for three target groups: (a) service users with mental health conditions and their caregivers; (b) policymakers and planners; and (c) mental health researchers. Method We developed and tailored three short courses (between 1 and 5 days long). We then implemented and evaluated these short courses on 24 different occasions. We assessed satisfaction among 527 course participants as well as pre\textendashpost changes in knowledge in six LMICs (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda). Changes in research capacity of partner Emerald institutions was also assessed through monitoring of academic outputs of participating researchers and students and via anonymous surveys. Results Short courses were associated with high levels of satisfaction and led to improvements in knowledge across target groups. In relation to institutional capacity building, all partner institutions reported improvements in research capacity for most aspects of mental health system strengthening and global mental health, and many of these positive changes were attributed to the Emerald programme. In terms of outputs, eight PhD students submitted a total of 10 papers relating to their PhD work (range 0\textendash4) and were involved in 14 grant applications, of which 43% (n = 6) were successful. Conclusions The Emerald project has shown that building capacity of key stakeholders in mental health system strengthening is possible. However, the starting point and appropriate strategies for this may vary across different countries, depending on the local context, needs and resources.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Strengthening of mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires the involvement of appropriately skilled and committed individuals from a range of stakeholder groups. Currently, few evidence-based capacity-building activities and materials are available to enable and sustain comprehensive improvements. Aims Within the Emerald project, the goal of this study was to evaluate capacity-building activities for three target groups: (a) service users with mental health conditions and their caregivers; (b) policymakers and planners; and (c) mental health researchers. Method We developed and tailored three short courses (between 1 and 5 days long). We then implemented and evaluated these short courses on 24 different occasions. We assessed satisfaction among 527 course participants as well as pre–post changes in knowledge in six LMICs (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda). Changes in research capacity of partner Emerald institutions was also assessed through monitoring of academic outputs of participating researchers and students and via anonymous surveys. Results Short courses were associated with high levels of satisfaction and led to improvements in knowledge across target groups. In relation to institutional capacity building, all partner institutions reported improvements in research capacity for most aspects of mental health system strengthening and global mental health, and many of these positive changes were attributed to the Emerald programme. In terms of outputs, eight PhD students submitted a total of 10 papers relating to their PhD work (range 0–4) and were involved in 14 grant applications, of which 43% (n = 6) were successful. Conclusions The Emerald project has shown that building capacity of key stakeholders in mental health system strengthening is possible. However, the starting point and appropriate strategies for this may vary across different countries, depending on the local context, needs and resources. |
Semrau, M; Alem, A; Ayuso-Mateos, JL ; Chisholm, D; Gureje, O; Hanlon, C; Jordans, M; Kigozi, F; Lund, C; Petersen, I; Shidhaye, R; Thornicroft, G Strengthening mental health systems in low-and middle-income countries: recommendations from the Emerald programme Artículo de revista BJPsych Open, 5 (5), 2019. Resumen | Enlaces | BibTeX | Etiquetas: @article{Semrau2019, title = {Strengthening mental health systems in low-and middle-income countries: recommendations from the Emerald programme}, author = {Semrau, M and Alem, A and Ayuso-Mateos, JL and Chisholm, D and Gureje, O and Hanlon, C and Jordans, M and Kigozi, F and Lund, C and Petersen, I and Shidhaye, R and Thornicroft, G}, editor = {Cambridge University Press}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-open/article/strengthening-mental-health-systems-in-low-and-middleincome-countries-recommendations-from-the-emerald-programme/5D1FAA1AC41839461CF38250F13272E6}, doi = {10.1192/bjo.2018.90}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-06}, journal = {BJPsych Open}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, abstract = {Background Strengthening of mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires the involvement of appropriately skilled and committed individuals from a range of stakeholder groups. Currently, few evidence-based capacity-building activities and materials are available to enable and sustain comprehensive improvements. Aims Within the Emerald project, the goal of this study was to evaluate capacity-building activities for three target groups: (a) service users with mental health conditions and their caregivers; (b) policymakers and planners; and (c) mental health researchers. Method We developed and tailored three short courses (between 1 and 5 days long). We then implemented and evaluated these short courses on 24 different occasions. We assessed satisfaction among 527 course participants as well as pre\textendashpost changes in knowledge in six LMICs (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda). Changes in research capacity of partner Emerald institutions was also assessed through monitoring of academic outputs of participating researchers and students and via anonymous surveys. Results Short courses were associated with high levels of satisfaction and led to improvements in knowledge across target groups. In relation to institutional capacity building, all partner institutions reported improvements in research capacity for most aspects of mental health system strengthening and global mental health, and many of these positive changes were attributed to the Emerald programme. In terms of outputs, eight PhD students submitted a total of 10 papers relating to their PhD work (range 0\textendash4) and were involved in 14 grant applications, of which 43% (n = 6) were successful. Conclusions The Emerald project has shown that building capacity of key stakeholders in mental health system strengthening is possible. However, the starting point and appropriate strategies for this may vary across different countries, depending on the local context, needs and resources.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Strengthening of mental health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires the involvement of appropriately skilled and committed individuals from a range of stakeholder groups. Currently, few evidence-based capacity-building activities and materials are available to enable and sustain comprehensive improvements. Aims Within the Emerald project, the goal of this study was to evaluate capacity-building activities for three target groups: (a) service users with mental health conditions and their caregivers; (b) policymakers and planners; and (c) mental health researchers. Method We developed and tailored three short courses (between 1 and 5 days long). We then implemented and evaluated these short courses on 24 different occasions. We assessed satisfaction among 527 course participants as well as pre–post changes in knowledge in six LMICs (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda). Changes in research capacity of partner Emerald institutions was also assessed through monitoring of academic outputs of participating researchers and students and via anonymous surveys. Results Short courses were associated with high levels of satisfaction and led to improvements in knowledge across target groups. In relation to institutional capacity building, all partner institutions reported improvements in research capacity for most aspects of mental health system strengthening and global mental health, and many of these positive changes were attributed to the Emerald programme. In terms of outputs, eight PhD students submitted a total of 10 papers relating to their PhD work (range 0–4) and were involved in 14 grant applications, of which 43% (n = 6) were successful. Conclusions The Emerald project has shown that building capacity of key stakeholders in mental health system strengthening is possible. However, the starting point and appropriate strategies for this may vary across different countries, depending on the local context, needs and resources. |
